Chronic And Severe Mental Disorder - 1259 Words

The moment people feel pain they resort to the doctor to find out what is going on with their bodies. They feel either very high pain or moderate pain depending on their problem and symptoms. However, when you are a schizophrenic person you don t feel pain like a person without this disorder would feel it. In fact it at times leads them to go on without knowing they have a disease that can be fatal. The pain can come into your body and take over but you are insensitive to this. That is how a schizophrenic person feels every single day of their lives without even noticing. It s a chronic and severe mental disorder that is genetic. Some scientists think that an imbalance in the complex, interrelated chemical reactions of the brain†¦show more content†¦This can be life threatening because they can come in too late to get treatment. For example, it was mentioned by Dwrokin that whether the patients did or did no complain about pain most of them got attention relatively late in t he course of their disease. In fact the percentage of complaints by non-schizophrenia patients was 95 percent or more with these disorders. Those disorders mentioned are acute appendicitis and acute peptic ulcer (Dwrokin, 1994). Not only do they not know they have a disease or some type of injury but they can also hurt themselves. They are less sensitive to bodily discomfort; they endure uncomfortable positions, pricks of a needle, injuries, hurt themselves (Dwrokin, 1994). Antipsychotic medication could also play a part to this insensitivity to pain. It was suggested that pain insensitivity in schizophrenia may be a result of neuroleptic medication (Dwrokin, 1994). One important thing that was mentioned in the paper was that the effect of pain insensitivity in individuals with schizophrenia is brought from congenital insensitivity to pain. Life expectancy seems to be shortened in individuals with congenital pain insensitivity with death occurring from unattended or unrecognized trauma and associated infections. However, these individuals with congenital pain insensitivity can be taught certain strategies to avoid illness and injury. Sensations such as tingling, itching, pressure, warmth, and cold can be taught to

Management and Leadership - 1558 Words

Management and Leadership Paper â€Å"Leadership and management must go hand in hand. They are not the same thing. But they are necessarily linked, and complementary. Any effort to separate the two is likely to cause more problems than it solves† (Murray, 2010). This paper will differentiate between leadership power and management. At Frito Lay leaders and managers play an important role in maintaining healthy organizational culture. This paper will also evaluate the affect of globalization and management at Frito Lay. The roles of both managers and leaders are vital for an organization. The unique processes and qualities of a leader set him or her apart from being just a manager. A manager works with the structure, organization,†¦show more content†¦Indra Nooyi has brought change to the organization by her charming characteristics and has led and swayed the decision-makers of the organization toward the vision of the mother company. â€Å"The leader who has expert power has certain expertise or knowledge; people comply because they believe in, can learn from, or can otherwise gain from that expertise† (Bateman Snell, 2009, pg 440). A leader with expert power may only have power over the specific subject matter that he is knowledgeable of rather than over other areas in the organization. Frito Lay’s president and chairman, Al Carey believes that the future of his company lies in adopting the servant-leadership minded culture. In Frito Lay’s servant-leadership culture, the role of the leader is to serve the needs of the employees by supporting and empowering them in their tasks and to help remove any obstacles in the way of reaching their goals. One of the programs as a result of this culture is ‘Team 4ward’. Plant employees are encouraged to volunteer to lead a team focusing on a subject that they are passionate about. Manager’s role is to make sure that the employee has access to the resources necessary to deliver results. Each of the teams that support Team 4ward aligns with Frito Lays overall corporate strategy – the commitment to our people, the planet, our partners and our products -- and focuses on specific areas for execution, like safety, water and electricity conservation, andShow MoreRelatedLeadership And Management And Leadership1569 Words   |  7 PagesLeadership is about seeking constructive change and management is about establishing order (Northouse, 2015). Warren Bennis (1997) wrote in  Learning to Lead: A Workbook on Becoming a Leader  that â€Å"There is a profound difference between management and leadership, and both are important. To manage means to bring about, to accomplish, to have charge of or responsibility for, to conduct. Leading is influencing, guiding in a direction, course, action, opinion. The distinction is crucial.† (Leiding,Read MoreManagement And Leadership : Leadership1023 Words   |  5 PagesManagement and Leadership In Leadership, Leadership, Leadership Are We All Chanting the Wrong Mantra, the authors says, â€Å"Leadership is simply management of higher level things† (McCormack, 2009, p.1) and that the leader manages the vision, people’s perception and their own behavior (p.1). McCormack continues his analysis by saying, â€Å"There are times when leadership simply cannot take place† (p.2). McCormack appears to believe that organizations and universities should not teach, encourage or tolerateRead MoreLeadership And Management : Leadership835 Words   |  4 PagesLeadership Verses Management The world is made up of leaders and managers. There are leaders and managers in every aspect of life. In many instances leadership and management are referred to as being the same. This paper will evaluate the differences between leadership and management. In today s organizations, leaders and managers are needed in order to operate successfully. Even though managers and leaders are different, they both have many similarities that will be discussed in this paperRead MoreLeadership And Management And Leadership1146 Words   |  5 Pages Leadership and Management Contrary to popular belief, the terms leadership and management are often thought of as hand in hand, but in retrospect they both have very strong different meanings and are not the same. There are some similar characteristics that can very much persuade some that they align in the same manner. They can be notably known as terms that are used interchangeably in the business world. â€Å"Management is a function that must be exercised in any business, whereas leadershipRead MoreLeadership Vs. Management : Leadership And Management1550 Words   |  7 Pagesauthor of On Becoming a Leader: The Leadership Classic, is best known for, that addresses why there is a difference between Leadership versus Management (Murray, What is the Difference Between Management and Leadership?, 2009). Just like most people, I use â€Å"leadership† and â€Å"management† interchangeably because one feels that they are probably the same thing or embody the same characteristics. Further di scussion will provide details on what leadership is, what management entails, and why they are differentRead MoreLeadership, Management And Management1081 Words   |  5 PagesLeadership and Management Businesses require some sort of hierarchy of power to be successful. They cannot operate on the basis that everyone has the same job level if they plan to make a profit. However, the individuals that are placed in the higher power positions fall into two categories, leaders and managers. Many would say these are the same thing, when in reality they are not. They are two different styles that are used when operating a business and using the right one at the right time isRead MoreLeadership, Management, And Management876 Words   |  4 PagesLeadership and Management Name Institutional Affiliation Leadership and Management The achievements of organizations depend on their management and the manner in which their leaders conduct several operations within the organization. It is worth mentioning that successful organizations attribute their positive impacts in the market and general employee-employer relation to the influence spearheaded by the management team (Hiriyappa, 2013). This paper narrows down to evaluateRead MoreLeadership And Management And Leadership1173 Words   |  5 PagesLeadership is a term that is often misunderstood and misinterpreted in the business world. In the world of CEOs, CFOs, vice-presidents and managers, it is important to distinguish the difference between what is considered management and what is considered leadership. While these two terms are not mutually exclusive, but it is imperative that they are not comprehended as mutually inclusive either. In this context, I will be comparing leadership and management as presented in the college textbookRead MoreLeadership And Management : Leadership1126 Words   |  5 PagesAs we know that, leadership is nothing. But the influencing flowers. Leadership includes three fundamental clusters of skills creating vision, garnering commitment to that vision, an managing progress toward the realization of that vision. powerful and effective leaders plays very vital role to reach the maximum production for any organization. This is why, Organizational renowned scholars have been studying of this very significant topic of leadership for literally hundreds of years. Because.Read MoreManagement Vs. Leadership : Management And Leadership1061 Words   |  5 PagesManagement vs. Leadership Introduction Presently many of us have learned that managers are primarily administrators who have learned to write business plans, utilize their resources and keep track of progress. We must learn that we are not limited by job title, and that means we can utilize our management skills in any position that we are in. We must also know that we can use our leadership skills in the same situations. On the other hand we have also learned that leaders are people who have

Is Death Natural Essay Example For Students

Is Death Natural? Essay Is Death Natural?Many of the most beautiful and meaningful facets of life are the way they are because they are ephemeral. I know that death is natural; Life runs its course before coming around again. Something present in or produced by nature is natural, such as an earthquake or typhoon, or a poisonous mushroom. Death is natural in the sense that to die is to conform to the ordinary course of living things in nature. Death has been modeled as an exponential increase in the rate of illnesses with age. Even with no micro-organisms attacking, the body is not well enough designed to function indefinitely. Something always breaks down eventually. What breakdowns, how many, and when they happen, is randomly distributed among individuals, except for conformance to average delays which may have been sculpted by evolution. Some of those functions our medicine cant re-establish or substitute for and some of those are necessary for life. In general, death is an unremarkable event in nature. To die of natural causes is not to expire in old age, as is the case in modern human societies, but to typically die young. Average human life spans between 20 and 30 years for most of our species history. Most people today are thus living highly unnaturally long lives. Because of the high incidence of infectious disease, accidents, starvation, and violent death among our ancestors, very few of them lived much beyond 60 or 70. There was therefore little selection pressure to evolve the cellular repair mechanisms (and pay their metabolic costs). As a result of these circumstances in the distant past, we now suffer the inevitable decline of old age: damage accumulates at a faster pace than it can be repaired; tissues and organs begin to malfunction; and then we die. It may turn out to be impossible to live forever, strictly speaking, even for those who are lucky enough to survive to such a time when technology has been perfected, and even under ideal conditions. The amount of matter and energy that our civilization can lay its hands on before they recede forever beyond our reach is finite in the current most favored cosmological models. As for age and death, one of the biggest factors actually has to do with cell replication. Most of our cells are not meant to live forever . We are meant to die. Your cells divide and divide and divide and their daughter cells do the same, so one and such forth. With every cell division, DNA from one cell is replicated for the next. At the ends of these DNA strands there are sequences called Telomeres. For most of the cells in our body, with each replication this telomere sequence gets shorter. Understand the telomere sequence has no purpose, other than to protect the important part of DNA from being cut off from these shortenings. It is thought that one of the reasons we age is that these telomeres get too short, or disappear entirely simply by the cell of an older individual being a product of thousands, if not millions, of divisions. Many of us live our lives striving for the infinite, for our own immortality. We refuse to acknowledge our own passing placement in the web of life and in doing so we fail to see our own beauty. It has become our mission to forestall death. Everyday we exercise, eat right, take our vitamins in an attempt to suspend the inevitable. However, the fact remains that in the final analysis there is always death. Even people who have accepted this fact often forget their death can be controlled. We can rightfully be concerned with how and when we die. Today we have a responsibility to reconstruct our understandings of death which have been vitiated by denial and fear. To live full, meaningful lives we must embrace our mortality.

The Cold War Essay Example For Students

The Cold War Essay Introduction When World War II in Europe finally came to an end on May 7, 1945, anew war was just beginning. The Cold War: denoting the open yet restrictedrivalry that developed between the United States and the Soviet Union andtheir respective allies, a war fought on political, economic, andpropaganda fronts, with limited recourse to weapons, largely because offear of a nuclear holocaust.1 This term, The Cold War, was first used bypresidential advisor Bernard Baruch during a congressional debate in 1947. Intelligence operations dominating this war have been conducted by theSoviet State Security Service (KGB) and the Central Intelligence Agency(CIA), representing the two power blocs, East and West respectively, thatarose from the aftermath of World War II. Both have conducted a variety ofoperations from large scale military intervention and subversion to covertspying and surveillance missions. They have known success and failure. TheBay of Pigs debacle was soon followed by Kennedys ft handling of the Cubanmissile crisis. The decisions he made were helped immeasurably byintelligence gathered from reconnaissance photos of the high altitude planeU-2. In understanding these agencies today I will show you how theseagencies came about, discuss past and present operations, and talk aboutsome of their tools of the trade. We will write a custom essay on The Cold War specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now Origin of the CIA and KGB The CIA was a direct result of American intelligence operations duringWorld War II. President Franklin D. Roosevelt recognized the need tocoordinate intelligence to protect the interests of the United States. In1941, he appointed William J. Donovan to the head of the Office ofStrategic Services (OSS) with headquarters in London. Four departments madeup the OSS: Support, Secretariat, Planning, and Overseas Missions. Each ofthese departments directed an array of sections known as operationgroups. This organization had fallen into the disfavor of many involved inthe federal administration at this time. This included the director of theFederal Bureau of Investigation (FBI), J. Edgar Hoover, who did not likecompetition from a rival intelligence organization. With the death ofRoosevelt in April of 1945, the OSS was disbanded under Truman anddepartments were either relocated or completely dissolved. Sovietintelligence began with the formation of the Cheka, secret p olice, underFeliks Dzerzhinsky at the time of the revolution. By 1946, this agency hadevolved into the Ministry of Internal Affairs (MVD), and the Ministry ofState Security (MGB) both ruled by Lavrenti Beria. This man was undoubtedlythe most powerful man in the Soviet Union with a vast empire of prisoncamps, and informants to crush any traces of dissent. Of considerableimportance to Beria was the race for the atomic bomb. The Soviet Union andthe United States both plundered the German V-2 rocket sites for materialsand personnel. In 1946 the MVD was responsible for the rounding up of 6000scientists from the Soviet zone of Germany and taking them and theirdependents to the Soviet Union.2 The political conflicts of the 1930s andWorld War II left many educated people with the impression that onlycommunism could combat economic depression and fascism. It was easy forSoviet agents to recruit men who would later rise to positions of powerwith access to sensitive information. Atom spies wer e well positioned tokeep the Soviets informed of every American development on the bomb. Ofconsiderable importance was a man by the name of Klaus Fuchs, a Germancommunist who fled Hitlers purge and whose ability as a nuclear physicistearned him a place on the Manhattan Project. Fuchs passed information tothe Soviets beginning in 1941, and was not arrested until 1950. Alsopassing secrets to the Soviets were Julius and Ethel Rosenberg, executed inthe United States in 1953. The latter two were probably among the first whobelieved in nuclear deterrence, whereby neither country would use nuclearweapons because the other would use his in response, therefore there wouldbe no ssible winner. It is generally believed that with such scientists asAndrei Sakharov, the Soviets were capable of working it out for themselveswithout the help of intelligence. (better transition) The National SecurityAct of 1947 gave birth to the CIA, and in 1949 the CIA Act was formallypassed. The act exempted the CIA from all Federal laws that required thedisclosure of functions, names, official titles, and salaries or number ofpersonnel employed by the agency. The director was awarded staggeringpowers, including the right to spend money without regard to theprovisions of law and regulations relating to the expenditure of governmentfunds. The act also allowed the director to bring in 100 aliens a yearsecretly.3 The 1949 charter is essentially the same one that the CIA usesto carry out covert operations today. The U-2 Incident In 1953, the CIA contracted Lockheed Aircraft Corporation of Burbank CAto build a plane that would go higher and farther than any yet produced. Kelly Johnson came up with the design for the U-2, a plane that would flywith a record high ceiling of 90,000 ft. and a range of 4,000 ft. The U-2flights are possibly the greatest triumph achieved by the CIA since itsfounding. This is because of the planes success at evading detection forsuch a long time and the vast amounts of information gathered. Well neverbe able to match that one. Those flights were intelligence work on a massproduction basis.4 On the fateful day of May 1, 1960, Gary Powers was sentup in his U-2 over the Soviet Union from the United States Air Force Baseat Peshawar, Pakistan. His mission was to photograph areas of military andeconomic signifigance and record radio transmissions. The plane he flew wasequipped with cameras, radio receivers and tape recorders to accomplishthis mission. In addition to these devices, the plane was also equippedwith self destruction capabilities to blow up the U-2 if it was forced toland, and a blasting mechanism fitted to the tape re corder to destroy anyevidence of the CIAs monitoring of radio signals. As his plane flew overthe Soviet Union, the cameras recorded ammunition depots, oil storageinstallations, the number and type of aircraft at military airports, andelectric transmission lines. When the plane did not return to its baseafter a reasonable allowance of time, it was assumed it had crashed forsome reason or another. The circumstances surrounding the crash of theplane Powers flew on this is a still a mystery today, depending on whetheryou believe the Soviets or the Americans. The Soviets claim that in viewof the fact that this was a case of the deliberate invasion of Sovietairspace with hostile aggressive intent, the Soviet Government gave ordersto shoot down the plane5, and that they shot it out of the air with anSA-2 missile at 8:53 A.M. at the altitude of 68,000 ft. The Americansdeclared that the U-2 was disabled by a flameout in its jet engine. .ua5a53b7dd732abc75613e207e58cc45d , .ua5a53b7dd732abc75613e207e58cc45d .postImageUrl , .ua5a53b7dd732abc75613e207e58cc45d .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .ua5a53b7dd732abc75613e207e58cc45d , .ua5a53b7dd732abc75613e207e58cc45d:hover , .ua5a53b7dd732abc75613e207e58cc45d:visited , .ua5a53b7dd732abc75613e207e58cc45d:active { border:0!important; } .ua5a53b7dd732abc75613e207e58cc45d .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .ua5a53b7dd732abc75613e207e58cc45d { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .ua5a53b7dd732abc75613e207e58cc45d:active , .ua5a53b7dd732abc75613e207e58cc45d:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .ua5a53b7dd732abc75613e207e58cc45d .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .ua5a53b7dd732abc75613e207e58cc45d .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .ua5a53b7dd732abc75613e207e58cc45d .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .ua5a53b7dd732abc75613e207e58cc45d .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .ua5a53b7dd732abc75613e207e58cc45d:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .ua5a53b7dd732abc75613e207e58cc45d .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .ua5a53b7dd732abc75613e207e58cc45d .ua5a53b7dd732abc75613e207e58cc45d-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .ua5a53b7dd732abc75613e207e58cc45d:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Okonkwo's Disagreement of Christian Religion EssayWhatever the truth maybe, or combination of truths, the fact remains thatPowers survived the encounter by parachute in the vicinity of Sverdlovsk. Upon landing, he was apprehended, disarmed, and escorted to the securitypolice by four residents of the small town. The fault of the incident laywith the American administrations handling of the situation, not with theflight itself. It was assumed that Powers had died in the crash, and thiswas the mistake. The initial story released was not widely reported andonly told of a missing pilot near the Soviet border whos oxygen equipmentwas out of order. From an intelligence point of view, the original coverstory seemed to be particularly inept A cover story has certainrequirements. It must be credible. It must be a story that can bemaintained and it should not have too muchdetail. Anything thats missing in a cover story can be taken care of bysaying the matter is being investigated.6 The further lies the StateDepartment released about the incident only strained U.S. and Sovietrelations. These included reports of an unarmed weather research plane,piloted by a civilian, that had trouble wi th oxygen equipment going downover the Soviet Union. Under questioning by the press, Information Officer,Walt Bonney, admitted that the U-2 had cameras aboard, but they were notreconnaissance cameras. Rather, the cameras were to take cloud cover. When it became publicly known that Khrushchev had known what had takenplace all along and had known for some years, President Eisenhowerjustified the presence of a spy plane over the Soviet Union with it beingin the interest of the free world. Khrushchev saw through the ploy andrevoked his invitation for Eisenhower to visit the Soviet Union for asummit. Bay of Pigs By 1959, Fidel Castro and his rebels were able to establish their ownregime in Cuba. Americans soon became hostile to this new government whenit became apparent that Castro endorsed the Soviets. He declared hisintentions of supporting guerrilla movements against US backeddictatorships throughout Latin America and seized US assets in Cuba. Healso established friendly relations with the Soviet Union although he wasnot communist. The US recognized this threat to their interests andproceeded to form a special CIA task force that was create an armed forceof exiled Cubans, form a subversive organizations within Cuba, and ifpossible assassinate Castro. The initial plan was to discredit thecharismatic man in front of his nation. Some ideas that were considered toaccomplish the task were ludicrous in the least. The first was to sprayCuban TV studios with LSD prior to Castro broadcasting a speech in hopes ofhim making a complete fool of himself. The agency had been experimentingwit h the acid for some time. However, the idea was quickly abandonedbecause no one could guarantee with any certainty that the drug would havethe desired effect. Further attempts were stabs at the look of Castrohimself. One idea was to doctor his famous insignia, the cigars he isalways seen with. This idea was discontinued because no one could figureout how to get the cigars to him. From an angle of more a chemical nature,the agency planned at one time to make his beard fall out. Scientists atthe agency knew that when thallium salts contact skin, they act as adepilatory and make hair fall out. The idea goes further into reasoningthat when Castro aveled he would leave his shoes outside of his hotelbedroom and the salts could be sprinkled in then. This idea becameimpossible when Castro announced that all forthcoming foreign trips were tobe cancelled. With these failures, the US felt that it had no choice but tocontinue with the organization of partisans and help them usurp thedictatorshi p of Cuba. By the time John F. Kennedy was elected President in1960, the development of the invasion was already in full force. Eisenhowerhad earmarked $13 million and a force of 1300 men had been assembled.7Cuban pilots were being trained how to fly B-26 bombers by NationalGuardsmen. The operation was massive, enough so that the public tooknotice. Kennedy was extremely wary of any direct US involvement and setabout a series of compromises for the Cuban exiles. The air cover wasreduced and the landings were shifted from a more favorable site to the Bayof Pigs where it was determined that the landing force could get ashorewith a minimum of naval and air force back up. Escorted by US navalvessels, the force landed in the Bay of Pigs on April 17, 1961. The sixB-26s assigned to the operation were clearly inadequate and the supportfrom within the country never fully materialized. Completely exposed tocounterattacks of the Cuban air and land forces, the whole invasion forcewas either kill ed or taken prisoner. When Kennedys statement that thearmed forces of this country would not intervene in any way was anoutright lie. The exiles uses American equipment. They were trained byAmerican servicemen, and the planes flown were Americans. The ships thatcarried the men to the invasion were American, with American naval unitsfor support. Americans were killed in operation. When caught in his lie,Kennedy was forced to cover the US by extending the Monroe Doctrine tocover communism. He declared that the US would remain free of all Centraland Latin American affair as long as they were not communist. This fiascoundoubtedly led to Khrushchevs belief that he could deploy missiles to hisnewfound ally without any tangible reprisal from the Americans. .u79ccc4437d80b932313ccaa10b37302d , .u79ccc4437d80b932313ccaa10b37302d .postImageUrl , .u79ccc4437d80b932313ccaa10b37302d .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u79ccc4437d80b932313ccaa10b37302d , .u79ccc4437d80b932313ccaa10b37302d:hover , .u79ccc4437d80b932313ccaa10b37302d:visited , .u79ccc4437d80b932313ccaa10b37302d:active { border:0!important; } .u79ccc4437d80b932313ccaa10b37302d .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u79ccc4437d80b932313ccaa10b37302d { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u79ccc4437d80b932313ccaa10b37302d:active , .u79ccc4437d80b932313ccaa10b37302d:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u79ccc4437d80b932313ccaa10b37302d .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u79ccc4437d80b932313ccaa10b37302d .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u79ccc4437d80b932313ccaa10b37302d .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u79ccc4437d80b932313ccaa10b37302d .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u79ccc4437d80b932313ccaa10b37302d:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u79ccc4437d80b932313ccaa10b37302d .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u79ccc4437d80b932313ccaa10b37302d .u79ccc4437d80b932313ccaa10b37302d-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u79ccc4437d80b932313ccaa10b37302d:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Prom Night Memories EssayPractices of Spies Some of the devices used seem to come straight from a James Bond movie. Hollow rings or talcum powder cans with false bottoms were some of theitems used for hiding microfilm. An interesting method involves the use ofa microdot whereby pages of information is reduced to the size of a colonand used in an appropriate place on a document. The process is reversed forthe extraction of information and the dot is enlarged to display all theinformation. Hiding places for secret packages were imaginative to say theleast and ranged from trees, to ruined walls, to mail boxes. Listeningdevices were not restricted to telephone bugs, and on one occasion therewas a handcarved Great Seal of the United States presented to the USambassador in Moscow by the Soviet Union. It turned out that hidden insidewas a listening device. Microwave receivers exist all over the world forthe interception of messages, the Soviet embassy in San Francisco has itsown battery of dishes erected on top of its building. In 1978, a Bulgarianexile by the name Georgi Markov who was working for the R adio Free Europewas fatally poisoned with a pellet most likely hidden in an umbrella. Vladimir Kostov was killed under very similar circumstances in 1978, and itis believed that the toxin used was ricin. This is an extremely toxicsubstance derived from castor oil. Political and intelligence relatedassassinations have abounded in the twentieth century with the advent ofthe Cold War. The public will never know when one of murders takes place byreason of secrecy unless it is a public figure. Conclusion The agencies discussed above are integral to the peace that existstoday. There is no other way in the age we live in today to monitor theenemy and ally alike so as to be able to understand their capabilities andshortcomings without intelligence agencies. The CIA and KGB by themselvescannot assure peace. With the knowledge supplied by each to its leaders,intelligent decisions can be made in the worlds best interest. Moreover,the status quo and power base remains relatively stable with the East andWest on opposing sides. There can never be true and utterly complete peace,these organizations will continue to exist contrary ignorant ideals of thepublic for peaceful coexistence. 1Encyclopedia Britannia index page 2372KGB/CIA, Jonathon Bloch page 123KGB/CIA, Jonathon Bloch page 214CIA: The Inside Story, Andrew Tully page 1135CIA: The Inside Story, Andrew Tully page 1196General Thomas R. Phillips, U.S. Army, retired. 7Bay of Pigs, Peter Wyden page 59

Killer Films

Killer Films The film production company, Killer Film, is regarded as one of the most successful companies producing indie films. The films produced by the company often receive positive critical response.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Killer Films the Film Production Company specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Some films get mixed responses, but it is possible to state that films of this company do not leave viewers intact. All the films produced by Killer Films are evoking and sometimes even disturbing. They make people think of really important issues revealing the most unconventional aspects of people’s life. The company was founded in 1995 by Christine Vachon and Pamela Koffler. Vachon notes that she fulfilled a variety of film crew tasks in the 1980s and then she realized that she â€Å"wanted to make stuff† (Macaulay n.p.). The films made in the 1990s were a great success. For instance, I Shot Andy Warhol (19 96), 2001 film Hedwig and the Angry Inch, 2002 film Far From Heaven and many other films were nominated for several Academy Awards. It is necessary to note that the films are acclaimed worldwide as they get awards and nominations at different film festivals all over the world. Vachon claimed, â€Å"What keeps independent film alive, what it has to be charged with now, is true originality, alternative, truly original voices† (qtd. in Hopewell n.p.) These words can be regarded as a certain kind of manifesto for the company. Killer Films produces films devoted to a variety of issues that have become a part of the contemporary society. However, there are themes that are similar to almost all films produced by the company. These themes are loss, sexuality, love, friendship, self-identification, self-realization, and, of course, murders and death. It is necessary to take a closer look at some of these themes to understand peculiarities of the films produced by the company.Advertisi ng Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Crime can be regarded as one of the most prominent themes articulated in the films by Killer Production. The majority of the films deal with different stories associated with crime. However, as Vachon noted the independent films are meant to be original. Therefore, films by Killer Films are not concerned with ordinary crimes. For instance, 2007 film Savage Grace deals with the story of Barbara Daly Baekeland, or rather the story of her death. This is not just a murder. This is a murder of a mother by her son. The film explores the depth of mother-to-child relationships. The film displays cruelty, hopelessness, certain tyranny within a family. Apart from murder and crime, the films explore issues connected with sexuality. Sexual diversity is often displayed in films by the company. One of the most suggestive films is the 2001 film Hedwig and the Angry Inch. The film focuses on relationships between people. A homosexual young man has to undergo a sex change operation and has to suffer because of this act for his entire life. Notably, homosexual characters are often displayed in the films by Killer Films. For instance, the 2004 film A Home at the End of the World is another film that explores issues young people have to face. Self-identification is a very important theme as well. The characters of the films try to understand who they really are. They become happy only when they find their real self. It is possible to note that the films by the company provide a certain kind of lesson to learn. The company sends the message that people must understand who they are, otherwise they can never be truly happy, or they can even be destroyed. One of central themes in all movies by the company is interpersonal relationships. More so, loneliness is the major topic of most of the films produced by Killer Films. The films’ cha racters strive for friends, family and partners. Basically, the films suggest that one of major goals for an individual is to find oneself and to find a close one.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Killer Films the Film Production Company specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The 2002 One Hour Photo is one of the most conspicuous films, in this respect. The protagonist of the film is a very lonely man who develops affection for a family. He sees himself as a member of this family and strives for being a part of this family. In fact, the protagonist develops a severe obsession with the family. Again, the company produces the film that explores the deepest emotions of a lonely person. The independent film reveals an aspect of human life which is known to millions. At the same time, the story is unconventional and evoking. Importantly, the films produced by the company reveal different social groups of people. The stories of artists, rich people, poor people, business people, working people, females and males are displayed. It is possible to state that the films do not focus on any particular social or any other group as the films are about aspects of life that are universal, i.e. all people have to face the issues addressed in the films. What is more, the company produces stories of different people to explore the way different people (pertaining to different social, ethnic, cultural groups) cope or fail to cope with these issues. Importantly, the films depict quite unconventional characters who are members of absolutely ordinary groups. The films highlight the life of people who could be ordinary, but somehow stand out from the rest. It is possible to note that the company creates a certain kind of mosaic of the human society with its controversies and conventions. It is necessary to note that apart from specific themes, the independent films produced by the company do not give answers. This is one o f the most important peculiarities of the company’s films. For instance, the film One Hour Photo does not give a specific answer concerning the future of the protagonist. The viewer is welcome to create a variety of possible stories. Any film of the company raises a number of questions which should be answered by the viewer. Any film produced by the company is concerned with several questions to be answered. The stories revealed illustrate an issue. The stories may have certain ending, but the ending is not the answer, but rather a question.Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More In conclusion it is necessary to state that Killer Films is the company that produces conventional independent films that dwell upon unconventional aspects of human life. These unconventional issues are often ignored or even neglected by the society. The company Killer Films has a very specific role. They make people think of these neglected issues. The company highlights such aspects of people’s life as loneliness, self-identification, self-realization, crime, interpersonal relationships. Admittedly, these issues can hardly be solved in the nearest future. However, it is a must of people to consider them as this may help people become happier. Hopewell, John. â€Å"Vachon Talks Price of Indie Pics.† Variety. Sep. 2012. Web. Macaulay, Scott. â€Å"12 Tips from James Schamus and Christine Vachon at IFP Film Week.† Filmmaker. Sep. 2012. Web.

Definition and Examples of Asymmetry in Communication

Definition and Examples of Asymmetry in Communication In conversation analysis, asymmetry is an imbalance in the relationship between speaker and hearer(s) as a result of social and institutional factors. Also called conversational asymmetry and language asymmetry. In Conversation Analysis (2008), Hutchby and Wooffitt point out that one of the features of arguments in ordinary conversation is that there may be struggles over who sets their opinion on the line first and who gets to go second. . . . [T]hose in second position . . . are able to choose if and when they will set out their own argument, as opposed to simply attacking the others. Examples and Observation: Comrades . . . he said, using the official title.We arent your comrades, interrupted Comrade Cherepin. You are a defendant here!And who is asking the questions here? Petro shot back. I thought Sydir was the judge.Someone burst into laughter. Sydir, the judge, who all this time was sitting as straight as a ramrod in his chair, now gazed at the members of the court and found them looking at him and then at each other.But this atmosphere of confusion did not last long. Comrade Cherepin jumped to his feet.I am asking the questions here! he shouted with arrogance. And what I am asking must be answered, for I am the representative of the Party.(Miron Dolot, Execution by Hunger: The Hidden Holocaust. W.W. Norton, 1985) Asymmetry and Power: Doctors and Patients [E]mpirical analysis has repeatedly revealed fundamental ways in which institutional forms of discourse indeed exhibit systematic asymmetries that mark them out from ordinary conversation. To take an example, in medical encounters, which have been the subject of a vast amount of research documenting asymmetries in institutional interaction (Maynard, 1991), one way of tracing the power relationship between doctors and their patients is by counting the number of questions that are asked by each participant, looking at the type of questions asked by doctors and patients, and/or counting the number of times a doctor interrupts a patient and vice versa. Large-scale asymmetries emerge from such exercises from which it may be concluded that doctors exert control over the concerns expressed within the consultation, and patients defer to the authority of the doctor by refraining from battling for such control themselves.(Ian Hutchby, Confrontation Talk: Arguments, Asymmetries, and Power on Ta lk Radio. Lawrence Erlbaum, 1996) Concealed Asymmetries at Work If a performance is to be effective it will be likely that the extent and character of the cooperation that makes this possible will be concealed and kept secret.([Erving] Goffman, The Presentation of Self in Everyday Life. 1959: 104) The suggestion made in Presentation of Self in Everyday Life, above is reiterated in Goffmans 1983 paper, in which he again reminds us that service relations are a matter of tacit cooperation between asymmetries that must remain unmarked. In spite of the collaboration of the new workplace activities, there remains an essential tension or asymmetry between worker and customer/client or between workers in different positions and contexts of work. The social work that the participants must do requires them to cooperate in concealing the existence of this asymmetry for the purpose of preserved order. When differentials are recognized, repair work has to be part of the encounter. Goffman suggests that to preserve the interaction order persons need to act as if the principle of symmetry was in place.(Jenny Cook-Gumperz, Cooperation, Collaboration and Pleasure in Work: Issues for Intercultural Communication at Work. Culture in Communication: Analyses of Intercultural Situations, ed. by Aldo Di Luzio, Susanne Gà ¼nthner, and Franca Orletti. John Benjamins, 2001) Sources of Asymmetry in Communication Status provides a mechanism for giving values to the variables of appropriateness and effectiveness and relativizing these across different types of social relation and cultural setting. Both enchrony and status are sources of asymmetry in communication. From enchrony, there is asymmetry in preference relations and in the associated one-way notion of response. From status, there is an unequalness of social relations, readily seen in relationships like father-son, shopkeeper-customer or speaker-hearer. There now remains a third source of asymmetry in communication . . .- the distributed nature of responsibility and commitment concerning knowledge and information in communication.(N.J. Enfield, Sources of Asymmetry in Human Interaction: Enchrony, Status, Knowledge and Agency. The Morality of Knowledge in Conversation, ed. by Tanya Stivers, Lorenza Mondada, and Jakob Steensig. Cambridge University Press, 2011) The Lighter of Asymmetry   Let me tell you something. Its every coachs dream to experience the highest level of idiocy that his team can muster, and gentlemen, collectively us coaches, we are living a dream.(Kyle Chandler as Coach Eric Taylor, addressing his high school football team in Swerve. ​Friday Night Lights, 2011)- Okay, shut up! Ill do the talking. You just stand there and try to look like youre doing something besides just standing there.​(Jeff Dunham as Peanut in Jeff Dunham: Minding the Monsters, 2012)

Importance of quality of services and customer satisfaction in the Dissertation

Importance of quality of services and customer satisfaction in the telecommunication sector in developed and emerging economies - Dissertation Example The data so collected are complied and put to statistical analysis and presented in the form of graphs and charts. This is in the form of both qualitative and quantitative findings. Based on the findings, suitable recommendations are developed for businesses. Finally a brief summary of the project is provided in the form of conclusion which highlights the crucial and critical factors analysed in the study. Introduction Quality is regarded as one of the key factors in creating worth and also in influencing the satisfaction of customers. This is particularly true for the telecommunications sector. Faced with cut throat competition, the telecommunications industry has been regarding customer satisfaction as a necessity for surviving in the market. With the dramatic entry of a large number of new service providers in this sector offering a wide variety of product and services the need to compete with each other have caused them to ensure optimal satisfaction of customers in terms of thei r products and services. It is also seen that at the same time consumers have also become well equipped with the necessary knowledge regarding quality of services provided by service providers. Awareness among customers, coupled with stiff competition in the telecom industry has emerged as the most crucial factors for the provision of superior quality of services towards customers. According to the words of Philip Kotler, the level of satisfaction bears a direct relation between the perceived and expected performance of the product. If the performance of the product matches with the expectation of customers, customers are said to remain satisfied. When the product’s performance exceeds the... This research will begin with the statement that quality is regarded as one of the key factors in creating worth and also in influencing the satisfaction of customers. This is particularly true for the telecommunications sector. Faced with cut throat competition, the telecommunications industry has been regarding customer satisfaction as a necessity for surviving in the market. With the dramatic entry of a large number of new service providers in this sector offering a wide variety of product and services the need to compete with each other have caused them to ensure optimal satisfaction of customers in terms of their products and services. It is also seen that at the same time consumers have also become well equipped with the necessary knowledge regarding quality of services provided by service providers. Awareness among customers, coupled with stiff competition in the telecom industry has emerged as the most crucial factors for the provision of superior quality of services towards customers. According to the words of Philip Kotler, the level of satisfaction bears a direct relation between the perceived and expected performance of the product. If the performance of the product matches with the expectation of customers, customers are said to remain satisfied. When the product’s performance exceeds the expectation of customers, they remain highly delighted or satisfied; while, on the other hand a products’ performance falling short of customer’s expectations creates a highly dissatisfied customer.

Supporting parents through the experience of their childs cancer Dissertation

Supporting parents through the experience of their childs cancer treatment - Dissertation Example In this case, the study focuses on the support rendered to the parents of a child with cancer, which according to numerous researches they normally undergo both disheartening and distressful experiences (Boman, Bjork & Lindahl, 2003). This is especially when they watch their children experience painful incidences on daily basis with little knowledge on how to alleviate it or help them (Kars et al. 2008). Consequently, in this situation parents end up experiencing depression, stress and shock (Boman, Bjork & Lindahl, 2003). The latter (shock) characterizes parents of newly diagnosed children with cancer, which persists almost throughout the entire treatment period though there are strategies by varied entities meant to help them. These encompass instituting support mechanisms for both the parents and children during the long-term treatment period (Yun-Shan & Verklan, 2008). They embrace availing adequate information to the parents or the guardians, supporting their coping strategies/m echanisms (like fellowshipping together) and intervening where possible with the necessary support (Ferrandis et al. 2008). Availing adequate information to the parents goes beyond imparting them with literature about cancer but equipping them with the necessary knowledge regarding what is affecting their children (Rogers, 2011). Therefore, this entails effective parent-clinician communication intended to give caregivers psychological peace (Clarke & Neil, 2010). However, due to certain factors in the medical institutions, this has somehow failed. This is evident with confusions that the parents have experienced when dealing with diverse pediatricians handling their children cases, whereby they seem to have contradicting ideas concerning their children’s cancer predicaments. Consequently, this leaves parents with doubt regarding the expertise of the oncologists tackling their child’s health predicament (Boman, Bjork & Lindahl, 2003). This study seeks to highlight exper iences of parents having a child with cancer, how they react to stress (based on gender), their coping mechanisms and effectiveness of varied strategies meant to support parents through the treatment period. Rationale The topic is essential in relation to my field as a pediatrician whereby its core focus entails highlighting the epidemic of child cancer and what their parents experience. Mostly, this encompasses support mechanisms so far instituted by varied related authorities aimed at helping parent manage child cancer as well as granting them the necessary psychological peace (Wills, 2009). The recent aspect that has prompted me to contact this study was to ascertain; the state of parent-clinician communication in the medical field and forms implement to impart parent with the necessary information (Clarke & Neil, 2010). The latter encompass developments, which pediatricians have devised and stated as effective in their quest to impart parents with adequate knowledge regarding ca ncer, which is through leaflets besides utilizing electronic media (Rogers, 2011). Relevance of the Study The topic, which is about support given to parents during their child’s long-term treatment, is among numerous duties that are within the area of my specialization. Definitions The study utilizes the word â€Å"ailing† instead of â€Å"suffering†. Since, the latter has a wide scope of definitions and implications compared to â€Å"

Martin Luther King Essay Example for Free

Martin Luther King Essay On the 27th of august 1963, the March on Washington took place; its main purpose was to raise awareness of jobs and treatment of African Americans during the 1960s in particular. The event was officially called ‘The march on Washington for jobs and freedom’, involved where the six biggest civil rights groups [1]. The march led 250,000 campaigners through the capital and to the Lincoln Memorial, where Martin Luther King (MLK) performed his iconic ‘I have a dream speech’. This quickly became one of the most iconic moments in history, particularly during the civil rights movement. This reputation was helped by the march being the largest political rally in the history of the United States, further giving the march, and those speaking including king more influence on the treatment of black Americans for the rest of the twentieth century. In particular, Martin Luther King’s words energized the fight for equality. He was one of the most established freedom fighters during this time, looking for integration into a predominantly white driven American society. Furthermore he was helped by the work of his own group called the Southern Christian Leadership Conference (SCLC) [2]. However, others accommodate the opinion that Kings short-term influence was minimal, and he in fact did nothing to help the treatment of African Americans twenty years after his speech at the march on Washington. I believe that the most compelling argument that can be made for the short-term influence of MLK is the passing of the civil rights bill of 1964. President L. B. Johnson himself proclaimed the importance of Martin Luther King’s march on Washington in bringing about the civil rights act of ’64. When talking to MLK about his march and the civil rights bill, Johnson says, ‘’I think the greatest achievement in foreign policy – I said to a group yesterday – was the passing of the 1964 civil rights act. ’’ Johnson said this directly to MLK in order to make him recognise how much of an effect his march had upon changing employment law in the US. The civil rights bill of 1964 meant that employers were legally obligated to pick the best candidate for a job regardless of their colour, race or sex [3]. Before the bill was passed, black Americans found it increasingly hard to find employment due to employers discriminating them, causing sit ins and marches such as the one in Washington which made known the problems that they faced, to the world. This was one of the main reasons that the march on Washington took place, which shows on a political level, its major significance. The reliability of this source is very strong because it can be said that Johnson would have wanted to look sympathetic upon Black Americans in order to gain their support, and therefore would want to support their movements. The support of African Americans would have been significant for the 1964 presidential elections taking place on November 3th, which he won with one of the largest landslide victories in American history [4]. An account from a black American called Mr Manley, who participated in the March, further cements the idea that King had a great significance in passing the civil rights bill. It reads, ‘’I believe it electrified the country†¦we felt a warm surge of pride when Dr King addressed the crowds. ’’ Although it does not mention the civil rights bill, it talks of the effect that Kings ‘I have a dream’ speech had on spurring the civil rights movement on, ultimately putting pressure on congress. The source talks of electrifying the country, showing how there was almost an immediate significance of Kings Speech in the march on Washington, as does the quote from L. B. Johnson. This would have helped racial discrimination overall by effecting even those that were not Black Americans, which would have also played a big part in reducing overall racial discrimination due to that fact the majority of the American population where white. So by getting them to sympathise with the cause, more relevant changes such as the civil rights bill would have been made, proving how after the march on Washington, Kings short term significance was overwhelmingly obvious. Another way in which King short-term significance can be seen, is the way that he changed attitudes of people and organizations around America, particularly in Chicago with the Chicago real estate board. After a march in Chicago about the estate board opposing housing laws, they eventually changed their stance. An account from a Chicago tribune in November 1966 reads, ‘’the march led to an accord that year between the protesters and the Chicago real estate board. The board agreed to end its opposition to open-housing laws in exchange to an end in the demonstrations. ’’ The short term significance of the march on Washington can be seen here through the similar ways in which King and his march of 700 people carried out their protest [5]. They achieved the result that they ultimately where aiming for just as they did in Washington which demonstrates the effect that King had on changing rules around the north of America as well as the south. This source is reliable as it is stating facts of the event. It talks of how a once segregated organization had now become desegregated as a result, and therefore holds a great way in helping to make the judgement on whether or not king had short-term significance, in this case it shows how he did to a great extent. In contrast to this view, it can be said that King didn’t have a great significance after the march on Washington because, despite the influences that he had on changing laws, there were still great economic difficulties for Black Americans. Even King himself acknowledged that he had not changed anything about economic problems. Evidence can be found after the march in Watts, a friend of his called Bayard Rustin writes about what King said to him, ‘’you know Bayard, I worked hard to get these people the right to eat hamburgers, now I’ve got to do something†¦ to help them get the money to buy it. ’’ This highlights the main problem that King himself could not overcome. His march on Washington won them equal rights in work and employment however it couldn’t do anything about the unequal pay that Black Americans received. This became a big problem to him, as without money, what he had done for African Americans did not have as big a significance as it could have and meant that discrimination was still very much an issue. King further reiterated the problems that African Americans faced economically when he said, ‘’it is much easier to integrate lunch counters than it is to eradicate slums. It is much easier to guarantee the right to vote than it is to guarantee an annual income, minimal income and create jobs. ’’ This source strongly agrees with the first one, mainly because they are both from King but moreover it shows how he could not do anything to change the ongoing problem of a lack of money being earned by Black Americans. This therefore may show that his short term significance was minimal, although they still say how he has already made a change but just not one that helped them finically. The Georgia state representative from 1980 to the present day, Tyrone Brooks shared these concerns even decades after King identified them. ‘’we’ve won the battle for the right to vote, we’ve won the battle against segregation, we’ve won the battle to go to schools of our choice. But we have no won the battle in terms of money, the economic challenge’’ [6]. This only further implies that King couldn’t influence any economic change even later in the century. However, to say that because of this he didn’t have a great deal of significance is unfair due to the other greatly significant changes that King influenced such as the civil rights bill of 1964. By pressuring congress to pass that bill, he allowed the focus to be changed onto economic problems, which would not have mattered if they did not have equality within the work place. Which on the other hand shows how MLK did have a great significance after the March. Despite the significance that King did have, it must be noted that he also failed to change the views of some more radically thinking Americans, which points to him having less of significance after his March. In an account from the Chicago tribune newspaper, they talk of the civil rights movement being futile. ‘’The ‘civil rights’ marchers are only hurting themselves and their cause. Chicago is retrogressing to the condition of a frontier town in early days, where shots are fired in the air and challenges to combat are hurled. ’’ It is clear to see that from what this source is saying; Kings Influence certainly did not have an effect on Chicago. However, in Chicago King achieved an accord between the Chicago real estate boards. They agreed to end their opposition of new housing laws, which calls in to question the reliability of this source largely in using it as evidence against the significance of King after the march on Washington. The population of Chicago had intended to give King a hostile reception before even arrived. This point is backed up and relived in an article on the daily Kos. It reads, ‘’ When rumours circulated that Dr. King was to lead a march up the middle of the expressway these raging groups literally packed bags with rocks to hurl from overpasses or side streets on to the marchers’’[7]. Although this reiterates the point that King failed to make an immediate impact of those from Chicago, it also makes it clear that the previous source from the Chicago tribune is not reliable. It is obvious from this that the mood in Chicago before King even entered was one of hostility, so it is no surprise the local newspaper did not support him either. This source is from an article written by someone that sympathises with king greatly as he goes onto say, ‘’If this was manhood, I was in no hurry to join them. ’’ This shows that he still had significance ad influence on views of people from the racist areas, as this person disagreed with those that opposed MLKs visit. In conclusion, I believe that King had a great deal of short-term significance after his march on Washington. The most compelling bit of evidence that points to this view is the impact he had on passing the civil rights bill of 1964. The nationwide impact was made clear after his death, when in a speech Robert Kennedy said, ‘’ Or we can make an effort, as Martin Luther King did, to understand and to comprehend, and to replace that violence, that stain of bloodshed that has spread across our land, with an effort to understand with compassion and love’’[8]. This underlines the significance of King as such a well renowned figure was encouraging the country to follow in his footsteps, which could be said, is the reason why even more was achieved after his death. As well as the civil rights bill, he also changed the attitudes of some people, which in turn gave him, and the movement more support in order to go on and fight for equality. Therefore, it is impossible to say he had nothing but an incredible influential and significant legacy after the march, which paved the way for future movements and laws to be established. [1]. http://www.infoplease. com/spot/marchonwashington. html [2]. http://www. britannica. com/biography/Martin-Luther-King-Jr [3]. http://www. archives. gov/education/lessons/civil-rights-act/ [4]. http://www. britannica. com/event/United-States-presidential-election-of-1964 [5]. http://www. chicagotribune. com/news/nationworld/politics/chi-chicagodays-martinlutherking-story-story. html [6]. https://www. doi. gov/pmb/eeo/AA-HM [7]. http://www. dailykos. com/story/2014/1/17/1270338/-Chicago-Summers-1966-67-Grown-Wary-and-Weary-of-Racism [8]. http://www. powerfulwords. info/speeches/John_F_Kennedy/8. htm

Corridor Analysis :: Fragmentation Corridors Argumentative Papers

Corridor Analysis The United States is centered on the economic development, more specifically on the creation of wealth. It is understandable that creating wealth is of great importance, but continued economic development has lead to degradation of our environment. Therefore, presently we need sustained economic development in conjunction with responsible environmental and resource protection. As development increases, natural linkages within the landscape continue to be fragmented and remnant natural habitats become isolated. As a result, we need strategies to fight the consequences of fragmentation. One such strategy is to create a network of corridors. Corridors are narrow, linear strips of habitat that have wildlife value. In â€Å"New Initiatives for Wildlife Conservation† Larry Harris and Peter Gallagher (1989) state, â€Å"Our refusal to incorporate movement across human dominated landscapes into our conservation strategies has made luck the chief prerequisite for survival in highly populated areas.† Corridors provide ecological and environmental quality values. For one thing, they help to maintain biological diversity. Fragmenting landscapes into distinct patches and restricting wildlife increase the risks of movement, and can also have severe consequences for the conservation of biological diversity. Conservation of biological diversity is extremely important because it can reduce the thread of a species becoming endangered or extinct. Corridors help to sustain the biological diversity by preserving migration corridors and connecting fragmented centers of plants and organisms. Harris and Gallagher conclude that â€Å"Habitat connectivity declines with human modification of the landscape and the use of corridors is an attempt to maintain or to restore some of the natural landscape connectivity.† As a result, a network of corridors can improve fragmentation of the landscape and habitats. Corridors can serve as habitats in their own right and they can also serve as linkages for animals that migrate from patch to patch. There are many different types of landscapes that can function as corridors. A stream corridor is perhaps the best area to create a system of interconnected corridors. The interface of land and water represent some of the richest wildlife habitats. Corridor Analysis :: Fragmentation Corridors Argumentative Papers Corridor Analysis The United States is centered on the economic development, more specifically on the creation of wealth. It is understandable that creating wealth is of great importance, but continued economic development has lead to degradation of our environment. Therefore, presently we need sustained economic development in conjunction with responsible environmental and resource protection. As development increases, natural linkages within the landscape continue to be fragmented and remnant natural habitats become isolated. As a result, we need strategies to fight the consequences of fragmentation. One such strategy is to create a network of corridors. Corridors are narrow, linear strips of habitat that have wildlife value. In â€Å"New Initiatives for Wildlife Conservation† Larry Harris and Peter Gallagher (1989) state, â€Å"Our refusal to incorporate movement across human dominated landscapes into our conservation strategies has made luck the chief prerequisite for survival in highly populated areas.† Corridors provide ecological and environmental quality values. For one thing, they help to maintain biological diversity. Fragmenting landscapes into distinct patches and restricting wildlife increase the risks of movement, and can also have severe consequences for the conservation of biological diversity. Conservation of biological diversity is extremely important because it can reduce the thread of a species becoming endangered or extinct. Corridors help to sustain the biological diversity by preserving migration corridors and connecting fragmented centers of plants and organisms. Harris and Gallagher conclude that â€Å"Habitat connectivity declines with human modification of the landscape and the use of corridors is an attempt to maintain or to restore some of the natural landscape connectivity.† As a result, a network of corridors can improve fragmentation of the landscape and habitats. Corridors can serve as habitats in their own right and they can also serve as linkages for animals that migrate from patch to patch. There are many different types of landscapes that can function as corridors. A stream corridor is perhaps the best area to create a system of interconnected corridors. The interface of land and water represent some of the richest wildlife habitats.

All the reasons not to eat at Mcdonalds Essay

Almost every American has probably at one time or another eaten at one of McDonald’s many restaurants or they have at least heard of the mega fast food chain. For decades, Americans have enjoyed their array of menu items. Recently, people have been looking deeper and deeper into if McDonald’s is really a healthy restaurant to eat at. I propose that customers who enjoy McDonald’s food should no longer consume it because it can make you obese, the portions are way too big, and the food at McDonald’s is practically phony. To start off, people all over the world that like the McDonald’s should not eat at the familiar restaurant because it could lead to serious weight problems. Hopefully, people who eat at McDonald’s will realize it is not doing them any good. Studies show that those who frequently eat at McDonald’s gained 10 pounds more than those who did so less often, and were more than twice as likely to develop an insulin disorder linked to diabetes. Clearly, fast food eaters could gain more pounds especially if the foods that are high in fat, like the food served at McDonald’s. Therefore, if you do not want to get fat, I might steer clear from McDonald’s. The second reason as to why you should not eat at McDonald’s is because the portions are becoming larger. As the year’s progresses, the portions at McDonald’s are getting bigger and bigger even though you might not even realize it. The problem is that people tend to eat or drink what’s in front of them. We also significantly underestimate how many calories we consume. But even when consumers try to do right by their diets by choosing a small or medium of something at a fast-food chain, they may be getting more than they expect. Basically, this is teaching us that it is okay to eat what is in front of us, even if there is a lot. Last but not least, the food that they serve at McDonald’s is not authentic because of all of the extra additives that they have added just for the taste. I believe that there is definitely a difference between real food and fake food. Real food is savory and in some cases it melts in your mouth, while fake food doesn’t even taste and the texture is similar to plastic. People deserve much better than fake food and that is the kind of stuff that you are consuming when you eat McDonald’s. I do not know about you but a sausage burrito containing 50 different ingredients including milk, egg, wheat, corn syrup, and a range of chemicals and preservative agents does not sound very tempting to me. Not only that but the hash browns are cooked with animal products and the bacon contains wheat and soy. I just do not think that is right. The food that people eat should have real ingredients like potatoes in hash browns, not all those fake preservatives. You would not cook a meal at home with all of that extra stuff in it, so eating it at McDonald’s does not make much sense to me. Much of the food at McDonald’s contains extra additives. I think that we deserve much better than that. Just because of the ingredients in the food, I don’t think that we should eat at McDonald’s. People that take pleasure in the food at McDonald’s should not eat there any longer because the risk is far too high. It can make you gain weight because of the extra calories and fats that you are consuming. The portions of the food have grown year by year and you may not even know how much food you are actually eating. Also, there are so many other restaurant alternatives that offer a much better selection of food that actually have true ingredients. So, the next time you go to eat at a restaurant even if a McDonald’s is nearby, I would rethink your options.

Importance of Time Essay

Time is said to be eternal. It is said that it has neither a beginning nor an end. Yet men are able to measure it as years, months, days, hours, minutes and seconds. They have also given meanings to the words – past, present and future. True, time has a meaning. It moves.Yet time is said to have no holiday. It exists always. Every movement of creation is linked with time. One cannot grow paddy in a month nor can a child become an adult in a year. Everything is fixed . Time is a free force. It does not wait for any one. It is commonly said that time and tide waits for no man. Time is money. A minute not usefully spent is an eternal loss. You can never get back the lost minute. One has to strike the iron when it is hot. The time flies and never returns. If you waste time it wastes you. To utilize time fruitfully, we must take concrete steps as to how we are going to use it and what we are going to do with it. There is a proverb which says that killing time is not a murder; it is a suicide. It means, by wasting time one is not harming others. On the other hand one is harming himself. A man who is a part of nature cannot complain against time. Time is powerful. It conquers all. Men are only to obey it. Man cannot say that he has nothing of his own. Time which is valuable is all his own. If you are not on time and miss the train, you miss it fore-ever. So also the time, once you miss it, it flies off. You can never catch it. Hence it is called fleeting time. Let us learn to use our time fruitfully. This is the key to success because time can create us or destroy us. It all depends on how we utilize time.

Gender Role Violations essays

Gender Role Violations essays A stereotype is a fixed or conventional notion or concept. There are many different stereotypes. Gender, racial and ages are among some of them. Gender stereotyping is perhaps one of the more serious ones. Stereotypes often associate girls as being cute, sweet, loving and understanding. Although some girls may fit into this stereotype, it can be assured that not all girls are like that and some are just the opposite of this stereotype. Stereotypes often associate boys as being mischievous, carefree, dirty, mean, cruel and stupid. For example, displays of emotion are often criticized for being un-masculine. Whereas emotional behavior in girls is expected, and therefore accepted. Some boys may fit into this stereotype; there are most likely some that dont. Girls can be at least as bad as boys can and likewise boys can be just as sweet as some girls can, if not so more. A lot of males violent behavior and females actions can mostly be accredited to family. Parents usually raise boys to be more on the aggressive side. Playing sports such as hockey and football, which encourage violence. Girls, however, are generally brought up on more feminine activities. Some examples of these are figure skating, dance and gymnastics, just to name a few. Biology, too can have a role in the effects of stereotypes. The males role as being a dominant is apparent before birth. There is a prenatal process that is responsible for this. Testosterone, the predominant male hormone, is rooted before birth and is responsible for the maturing of the areas of the brain that are related too. The fact that men are more willing to endure pain to understand what they must do for dominance is an example of something that could be more biologically inclined. When it comes to different levels of control in different situations, it is still assumed that men have the upper hand. Research done over the years has shown that men an...

A Profile of Marita Bonner

A Profile of Marita Bonner Born on June 16, 1898, educated in Brookline, Massachusetts, public schools and Radcliffe College, Marita Bonner published short stories and essays from 1924 to 1941 in Opportunity, The Crisis, Black Life and other magazines. She occasionally published under the pseudonym Joseph Maree Andrew. Her 1925 essay in Crisis, On Being Young, A Woman, and Colored which deals with racism and sexism and poverty, is an example of her social commentary. She also wrote several plays. Bonners writing dealt with issues of race, gender, and class, as her characters struggled to develop more fully in the face of social limitations, highlighting especially the vulnerability of black women. She married William Almy Occomy in 1930 and moved to Chicago where they raised three children and where she also taught school. She published as Marita Bonner Occomy after her marriage. Her Frye Street stories were set in Chicago. Marita Bonner Occomy did not publish any more after 1941 when she joined the Christian Science Church. Six new stories were found in her notebooks after she died in 1971, although the dates indicated shed written them before 1941. A collection of her work was published in 1987 as Frye Street and Environs: The Collected Works of Marita Bonner. Marita Bonner Occomy died in 1971 of complications of injuries sustained in a fire in her home.

MBTI Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

MBTI - Essay Example As for me, I am fairly convinced that I have an ISTP personality type considering the fact that my decisions are heavily based on objective thinking rather than subjective thinking or some sorts of intuitions or feelings – for this reason, I am dealing with my colleagues, friends or acquaintances in a much more impersonal manner. I am also very logical and driven by certain level of analysis. I do not run out of activities because of my spontaneous lifestyle. Oftentimes, I am very flexible and can deal perfectly with immediate changes. I can adapt easily to changing situations without the help of other people. My independence can be described by my views of having a companion in doing a task: I believe that having to do something with someone else is just a waste of time. I think that working with a companion or in groups is not effective and does not bring efficient results because time and focus are divided; the consensus that you have to come up with precludes the possibili ty of arriving at an ideal solution because when there are two or more heads working on the task, you all have to agree with a neutral decision, which is not necessarily what you want individually. Therefore, participative management will never work for me – having to participate in group discussions or crowd sourcing is a painstaking activity to do. I am more of action than visualization or planning – I would rather work on the task rather than plan or spend more time on planning and organization, although they are also important in the process. I am pedantic and would love to do things over and over again until I achieve the result that I think is best. In terms of my communication style, I am more reserved and quiet. I do not really engage in group discussions. Since having a conversation is inevitable in a workplace setting, I therefore prefer to hear or see concrete information rather than abstract ones – this is my

PR week 3 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

PR week 3 - Essay Example For this case, the company ought to be aware that it should not be having any pending negative incident that might have rocked the company in the recent times. Riordan being an international company the deals with customers from all corners of the world, they must ensure that they have solved any international ethical issues that might be pending. Being an international company also, the company also ought to be aware that it needs to safeguard the customer’s confidential information before it get to the wrong hands. For this case, they must assure their customers that their confidential information or data such as medical information does not get to the media. This fear on the side of their customer might result to most of their customers withdrawing from their organization resulting to losses. There might be an impact that will be experienced as result of relocating Riordan’s Manufacturer China’s plan. Some of the negative impact would be losing some valuable employees who might not be willing to move to new location. This kind of a loss might in the long run have an impact on the good will of the organization. If these employees lands on another job opportunity at a Riordan’s competitor, they might reveal most of Riordan confidential information of doing business. This will in turn affect Riordan manufacturer as their confidential information will be known by their competitors and the competition might even become tougher. manufacture products for our customers that are of high quality with the latest technology. We have always been looking forward to suggestions from our customers on how we can improve our products in order to cater for the ever growing human needs and satisfying them at an affordable cost. We have also ensured that we also lead as far as producing and distributing our products to the world. For this

Audience Analysis Paper Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 3

Audience Analysis Paper - Essay Example All cultures everywhere use various behaviors and belief systems. The most critical thing to remember is the simple fact that audiences in Japan, United States, Europe, or the Muslim world will have significant differences in their individual behaviors and belief systems. Because most cultures are more formal than the United States, when addressing this type of audience, one must keep in mind that titles may be more meaningful to them. Therefore, use titles and not first names. Another important key to international communication is that the author of the document or the presentation needs to avoid the use contractions, slang, and sports metaphors. If one is not familiar with the audience's language then it is proper to use, English. If the presentation is in an overseas office generally, an interpreter is present to properly present to findings to the individual stakeholders, managers, etc of the foreign entity (Locker, 2008). A manager's responsibility is to learn about the differe nt cultures around the world and the different people that we may work with. Stereotypes make for well-intentioned efforts at communications effectiveness. However, Carver and Livers found in their studies of stereotyping where they wrote in the Harvard Business Review in 2002 that African-Americans clients of their firm were complaining about the fact that were asked more about diversity then about the job (Caver, 2002). What communication channels are appropriate? Explain. Interpersonal dimensions always focuses on the following. First, focus on the people in order to promote friendliness, cooperation and group loyalty. The next dimension focuses on the content in terms of the problem, data, and possible solutions. The procedural dimension will focus on the method and the processes (Locker, 2008). This will necessitate that the speaker be aware of what the group consists of and performing some prior research is always a good idea. Allowing the audience to ask questions and having the ability to provide on the spot answers is wise. Knowledge of the company is helpful to any audience. The speaker needs to make the audience aware of where the company is now and where he/she expects it to be in the future. This type of information is critical to the meetings success. In this case, if quarterly sales do not meet the expected goals, the speaker should be aware of that fact to satisfy the audience with presently plans for the future. Prior research of the audience comes into play in this step. Knowing what the audience is expecting, what he/she goals are for the future are some key points to making this meeting successful (Locker, 2008)? These steps will keep the speaker on tract to success while at the same time considering this particular audiences point of view. At many points in the meeting, the speaker may find they need to paraphrase some of the content back to the audience; he/she may need to mirror some feelings or ask for information or clarification by of fering to help solve the problems together. What are some considerations to keep in mind given the diversity of the audience? Within every culture is a subculture. It is up to the speaker to cut through the diversity by cutting across these different cultures and use differentiating factor like gender, race, and economic position. The speaker holds the key to researching cultures and subcultures. The speaker needs to know what presentations will work the best with this diverse audience. Sometimes, this goes beyond these basics when one deals not only

Facial Emotion Recognition Systems

Facial Emotion Recognition Systems CHAPTER-1 INTRODUCTION 1.1: Introduction Face plays important role in social communication. This is a window to human character, reactions and ideas. the psychological research shown that nonverbal part is the most enlightening channel in social communication. Verbal part offers about 7% of the message, vocal 34% and facial expression about 55%. Due to that, face is a theme of study in many areas of science such as psychology, behavioral science, medicine and finally computer science. In the field of computer science much effort is put to discover the ways of automation the process of face detection and segmentation. Several methods addressing the problem of facial feature extraction have been proposed. The key problem is to provide suitable face representation, which leftovers robust with respect to diversity of facial appearances. The method of face recognition plays an important role in peoples life ranging from commercial to law enforcement applications, such as real time surveillance, biometric personal identification and information security. It is one of the most challenging topics in the interface of computer vision and cognitive science. Over past years, extensive research on face recognition has been conducted by many psychophysicists, neuroscientists and engineers. In general views, the definition of face recognition can be formulated as follows Different faces in a static image can be identified using a database of stored faces. Available collateral information like facial expression may enhance the recognition rate. Generally speaking, if the face images are sufficiently provided, the quality of face recognition will be mainly related to feature extraction and recognition modeling. Facial emotion recognition in uncontrolled environments is a very challenging task due to large intra-class variations caused by factors such as illumination and pose changes, occlusion, and head movement. The accuracy of a facial emotion recognition system generally depends on two critical factors: (i) extraction of facial features that are robust under intra-class variations (e.g. pose changes), but are distinctive for various emotions, and (ii) design of a classifier that is capable of distinguishing different facial emotions based on noisy and imperfect data (e.g., illumination changes and occlusion). For recognition modeling, lots of researchers usually evaluate the performance of model by recognition rate instead of computational cost. Recently, Wright and Mare ported their work called the sparse representation based classification (SRC). To be more specific, it can represent the testing image sparsely using training samples via norm minimization which can be solved by balancing the minimum reconstructed error and the sparse coefficients. The recognition rate of SRC is much higher than that of classical algorithms such as Nearest Neighbor, Nearest Subspace and Linear Support Vector Machine (SVM). However, there are three drawbacks behind the SRC. First, SRC is based on the holistic features, which cannot exactly capture the partial deformation of the face images. Second, regularized SRC usually runs slowly for high dimensional face images. Third in the presence of occluded face images, Wright et al introduce an occlusion dictionary to sparsely code the occluded components in face images. However, the computational cost of SRC increase drastically because of large number of elements in the occlusion dictionary. Therefore, the computational cost of SRC limits it s application in real time area, which increasingly attracts researchers attention to solve this issue. 1.2: Psychological Background In 1978, Ekman et al. [2] introduced the system for measuring facial expressions called FACS Facial Action Coding System. FACS was developed by analysis of the relations between muscle(s) contraction and changes in the face appearance caused by them. Contractions of muscles responsible for the same action are marked as an Action Unit (AU). The task of expression analysis with use of FACS is based on decomposing observed expression into the set of Action Units. There are 46 AUs that represent changes in facial expression and 12 AUs connected with eye gaze direction and head orientation. Action Units are highly descriptive in terms of facial movements, however, they do not provide any information about the message they represent. AUs are labeled with the description of the action (Fig.1). Fig. 1: Examples of Action Units Facial expression described by Action Units can be then analyzed on the semantic level in order to find the meaning of particular actions. According to the Ekmans theory [2], there are six basic emotion expressions that are universal for people of different nations and cultures. Those basic emotions are joy, sadness, anger, fear, disgust and surprise (Fig. 2). Fig. 2: Six universal emotions The Facial Action Coding System was developed to help psychologists with face behavior analysis. Facial image was studied to detect the Action Units occurrences and then AU combinations were translated into emotion categories. This procedure required much effort, not only because the analysis was done manually, but also because about 100 hours of training were needed to become a FACS coder. That is why; FACS was quickly automated and replaced by different types of computer software solutions. 1.3: Facial emotion recognition systems The aim of FERS is to replicate the human visual system in the most analogous way. This is very thought-provoking job in the area of computer vision because not only it needs effective image/video analysis methods but also well-matched feature vector used in machine learning process. The primary principle of FER system is that it would be easy and effective. That relates to full automation, so that no extra manual effort is obligatory. It is also chosen for such system to be real-time which is particularly significant in both: human-computer interaction and human-robot interaction applications. Besides, the theme of study should be permitted to act impulsively while data is being captured for examination. System should be intended to evade limitations on body and head movements which could also be an important source of data about shown emotion. The limitations about facial hair, glasses or extra make-up should be reduced to lowest. Furthermore, handling the occlusions problem looks to be a test for a system and it should be also considered. Other significant features that are wanted in FER system are user and environment independence. The prior means that, any user should be permissible to work with the system, regardless of of skin color, oldness, gender or state. The latter relates to conduct the complex background and diversity in lightning conditions. Further advantage could be the view independence in FERS, which is likely in systems based on 3D vision. Face Detection As it was stated earlier, FER system comprises of 3 steps. In the first step, system takes input image and does some image processing methods on it, to detect the face region. System can function on static images, where this process is called face localization or videos where we are working with face tracking. Main problems which can be come across at this step are different scales and orientations of face. They are generally produced by subject movements or changes in remoteness from camera. Substantial body actions can also reason for severe changes in position of face in successive frames what makes tracking tougher. What is more, difficulty of background and variety of lightning circumstances can be also quite puzzling in tracking. For example, when there is more than one face in the image, system should be able to differentiate which one is being tracked. Finally, obstructions which usually give the impression in impulsive reactions need to be handled as well. Problems stated overhead were a challenge to hunt for methods which would crack them. Among the methods for face detection, we can differentiate two groups: holistic where face is treated as a whole unit and analytic where co-occurrence of characteristic facial elements is considered. 1.3.2. Feature Extraction Afterward the face has been situated in the image or video frame, it can be examined in terms of facial action occurrence. There are two types of features that are frequently used to define facial expression: geometric features and appearance features. Geometric features quantity the displacements of certain parts of the face such as brows or mouth corners, while appearance features define the variation in face texture when specific action is done. Apart from feature type, FER systems can be separated by the input which could be static images or image sequences. The job of geometric feature measurement is generally connected with face region analysis, exclusively finding and tracking vital points in the face region. Possible problems that arise in face decomposition job could be obstructions and incidences of facial hair or glasses. Besides, defining the feature set is tough, because features should be expressive and possibly not interrelated. Recognition of Expression The latter part of the FER system is based on machine learning theory; exactly it is the classification job. The input to the classifier is a set of features which were recovered from face region in the previous stage. The set of features is designed to describe the facial expression. Classification needs supervised training, so the training set should consist of labeled data. Once the classifier is trained, it can distinguish input images by assigning them a specific class label. The most usually used facial expressions classification is finished both in terms of Action Units, proposed in Facial Action Coding System and in terms of common emotions: happiness, unhappiness, fury, surprise, disgust and fear. There are a lot of different machine learning methods for classification job, viz.: K-Nearest Neighbors, Artificial Neural Networks, Support Vector Machines, Hidden Markov Models, Expert Systems with rule based classifier, Bayesian Networks or Boosting Techniques (Adaboost, Gentleboost). Three major problems in classification job are: picking good feature set, effective machine learning method and diverse database for training. Feature set should be composed of features that are discriminative and characteristic for expression. Machine learning method is chosen usually by the sort of a feature set. In conclusion, database used as a training set should be adequate and contain various data. Methods described in the literature are presented by categories of classification output. 1.4: Applications Enormous amount of different information is encoded in facial movements. Perceiving someones face we can absorb about his/her: †¢ Affective state, connected with emotions like fear, anger and joy and moods such as euphoria or irritation †¢ Cognitive activity (brain activity), which can be seeming as attentiveness or boredom †¢ Personality features like sociability, nervousness or unfriendliness †¢ Honesty using analysis of micro-expressions to disclose hidden emotions †¢ Psychological state giving information about illnesses helpful with diagnosis of depression, mania or schizophrenia. Due to the variety of information visible on human face, facial expression analysis has applications in various fields of science and life. Primarily, teachers use facial expression investigation to correct the struggle of the exercise and learning pace on a base of reaction visible on students faces. Virtual tutor in e-learning planned by Amelsvoort and Krahmer [26] offers student with suitable content and alters the complexity of courses or tasks by the information attained from students face. Additional application of FERS is in the field of business where the measurement of peoples fulfilment or disappointment is very important. Usage of this application can be found in many marketing methods where information is collected from customers by surveys. The great chance to conduct the surveys in the automatic way could be able by using customers facial expressions as a level of their satisfaction or dissatisfaction . Furthermore, prototype of Computerized Sales Assistant, proposed by Shergill et al.   chooses the appropriate marketing and sales methods by the response taken from customers facial expressions. Facial behavior is also studied in medicine not only for psychological disorder diagnosis but also to help people with some disabilities. Example of it could be the system proposed by Pioggial et al.   that aids autistic children to progress their social skills by learning how to recognize emotions. Facial expressions could be also used for surveillance purposes like in prototype developed by Hazel hoff et al.. Suggested system automatically perceives uneasiness of newborn babies by recognition of 3 behavioral states: sleep, awake and cry. Furthermore, facial expression recognition is broadly used in human robot and human computer interaction Smart Robotic Assistant for people with disabilities based on multimodal HCI. Another example of human computer interaction systems could be system developed for automatic update of avatar in multiplayer online games. 1.5: Thesis Organization The thesis is organized as follows: The thesis is opened with an introduction i.e., Chapter 1, in which it is discussed about the introduction, physiological background and facial emotion recognition systems along with the Thesis organization and the Tools used for the whole project. Chapter 2 discussed about the literature survey in which the brief explanation of previous works is given and explained. Chapter 3 discussed about the proposed system in which the each part of the face was detected and the emotion of the person is detected based on extreme sparse learning. Here we use the spatial-temporal descriptor and optimal flow method to recognize the emotion. Chapter 4 plays key role in this project which gives the information of software that used for the project i.e. MATLAB. The results and discussions are presented in Chapter 5. This chapter describes the results that are obtained for the proposed system. Chapter 6 discussed about the advantages of the proposed system and disadvantages of the existing systems. Hence the conclusion and future work, references are presented in chapter 7. Then the references are mentioned in the chapter8. 1.6: Tools Used Image processing toolbox MATLAB R2013a(version 8)