Refelction paper about Identity and possibility Article

Refelction paper about Identity and plausibility - Article Example Or maybe, it is the totality of regular living encounters and is a procedure that creates among disillusionments, triumphs and ordinary day to day environments that develops the character of an individual. Self-comprehension is the essential manifestation of a person’s personality. We become who we figure ourselves to become and this is regularly. It is not necessarily the case that a mien is shaky, despite what might be expected, it is a joining of consistency of character. The advancement of one’s personality is the intermixing of every single human movement and connections among exact viewpoints. It isn't just inside the dividers of the school that an adolescent’s character is created. A greater amount of it is through the connections and exercises that they invest themselves into. These are the things that they achieve the most guilty pleasure from and in this manner would destined to shape them towards a personality that would frame them into what's to come. The notorious inquiry of â€Å"Who am I?† is one that is frequently replied with regards to correspondence from these center character forming matters. Likewise with the subject exemplified by the creator through Mac, the 14-year old kid who consistently gets into a battle. A derivation of this idea would liken that in the limits of the school he would be seen as a troublesome youngster. In any case, a profound investigation of the child’s mental reasoning uncovers that he is somebody who can be relied on by his loved ones in the occurrence that his assistance is required. It can't then be presumed that he is a loner just based on his school records and the numerous fights he gets himself in. Personality emergency is another significant trouble that emerges inside this age gathering. A â€Å"developmental moratorium† as introduced by Erikson in his model is essential for teenagers to expand their ability of development as they are permitted to test among changed encounters as they continued looking for personality. It is an open door for them to utilize

Why I admire Benjamin Franklin Essay -- Leaders American History

Benjamin Franklin finished numerous achievements from youth to adulthood. At the point when he was only 22 he built up his first printing business with an accomplice, Hugh Meredith. Benjamin before long purchased out Hugh Meredith's offer. In 1732, when Franklin was just 26 he distributed the primary release of 'Poor Richards Almanac,' the book shows proof that it was effective for a long time. 'Poor Richards Almanac' permitted Franklin to resign from business a rich man in 1748. In 1741 Benjamin Franklin concocted the Franklin Stove. The oven was convenient for both, warming a room or cooking. In 1752 Benjamin Franklin directed his renowned power explore different avenues regarding a kite. In 1757 Franklin came back to England as a Colonial operator for Pennsylvania. Next, in the time of 171 Benjamin started to compose his own collection of memoirs. In 1775 as an individual from the Continental Congress, Franklin pushed division from England. In 1776 Franklin helped draft the Declar ation of Independence, in the fall he goes to France to argue the American reason. In 1778, Benjamin masterminded the American Alliance with France, which before long drove... Why I respect Benjamin Franklin Essay - Leaders American History Benjamin Franklin finished numerous achievements from adolescence to adulthood. At the point when he was only 22 he set up his first printing business with an accomplice, Hugh Meredith. Benjamin before long purchased out Hugh Meredith's offer. In 1732, when Franklin was just 26 he distributed the primary version of 'Poor Richards Almanac,' the book shows proof that it was effective for a long time. 'Poor Richards Almanac' permitted Franklin to resign from business a rich man in 1748. In 1741 Benjamin Franklin developed the Franklin Stove. The oven was convenient for both, warming a room or cooking. In 1752 Benjamin Franklin directed his renowned power try different things with a kite. In 1757 Franklin came back to England as a Colonial specialist for Pennsylvania. Next, in the time of 171 Benjamin started to compose his own life account. In 1775 as an individual from the Continental Congress, Franklin pushed partition from England. In 1776 Franklin helped draft the Declaration of Ind ependence, in the fall he goes to France to argue the American reason. In 1778, Benjamin masterminded the American Alliance with France, which before long drove...

Aisumasen, Yoko San

Aisumasen, Yoko San Hello out there in TV Land. Im Sam Maurer. You might remember me from such blogs as Mitras Blog. Im sticking around MIT this summer turning turkey refuse into oil. No, really. I had promised every single person on Earth that I would have my first weblog entry up this week. Unfortunately, I got back from a 60 mile bike journey throughout Vermont and New Hampshire to discover that my laptop, where I store one bazillion pictures of myself doing entertaining things (and about twenty pictures of my friends), was no longer in working condition. By the way, did you know a 60 mile bike trip is 60 miles each way? I did not know that until after I had started biking. Well, now my laptop is toast and Im having immense difficulty sitting down on account of a sore pelvis. Furthermore, tomorrow morning at 6 AM Im leaving on a fast train for my beloved hometown, that burgeoning center for arts and culture maintaining the warmth and caring associated with South Central Pennsylvania. Sad as it may be, Im just not in any condition to compose a proper blog entry today. And unlike some people I know, Im just not willing to release a mediocre product upon the American public. So, gentle readers, look for a couple short updates from Harrisburg over the next week. But once I get back on 6/20 (which is also my friend Bens birthday), get ready for the most ravishing series of blog entries you have ever seen. To entice you, here are the topics of these entries: 1. a trip to the Lyric Stage Company with some Mainiacs 2. a dim sum luncheon gone horribly awry 3. an expedition with Ruth to the Garment District, Cambridges only alternative department store, to buy a tasteful green/yellow/purple striped dress shirt. 4. eleven grad students, a sixty-mile stretch of rural highway, and the most excruciating pain Ive ever experienced in my mortal life Anyway, thats my story and Im sticking to it. Seacrest out. Also, I dont like coming up with blog entry titles and I often confuse obscurity for creativity. So, with every entry, if youre the first person to name the musical artist, author, or historical figure who supplied me with the title, you get a prize.

The Growing Demand for Energy - 1219 Words

Introduction: The growing demand for energy is one that the supply has never been able to match. This constant search for new and viable energy sources has led to the advent of very unconventional and often controversial sources. One such source is nuclear energy. Since its first commercial introduction in 1960, nuclear energy has grown to become a major player in the energy sector generating 14 percent of the worlds electricity. However, some countries are more dependent on this power source than others. France relies on nuclear for 75.2 percent of its electricity. (National Public Radio, 2011). This potential to generate enormous amounts of energy from fission or fusion reaction is not without its risk. I wish to highlight some†¦show more content†¦Nuclear reactors are design to prevent accident. There is a backup system if something wrong happens. Most of nuclear reactors shutdown automatically if anything wrong happens. This backup system cannot prevent disaster but can limit the disa ster. Even though nuclear reactors are designed according to safety measures, there is a chance of accident. Accidents could be explosion or radiation. These type of accidents can lead to disasters more serious than even we imagine. According to David Pomerantz of Greepeace.org, the chances of an accident occurring is still significant enough to be worried about. He further elaborated that â€Å"If a meltdown were to occur, the accident could kill and injure tens of thousands of people, leaving large regions uninhabitable. And, more than 50 years after splitting the first atom, science has yet to devise a method for adequately handling long lived radioactive wastes.† (Pomerantz, 2011). In the same article, he explained that radioactive wastes from the reactors were treated as rock compost and is being buried in impervious layers of rocks. But as we know, radioactive materials are capable of passing through other materials effortlessly. Debates are also being raged on as to the possibility of these buried radioactive waste contaminating the underground water supply. If such contamination ever happens, the environmental effect would be very deadly. Manmade and Natural Accident Risks: Just like every business, the nuclear energyShow MoreRelatedGrowing energy demands, rising energy costs, and increasing concern about global climate change900 Words   |  4 Pages Growing energy demands, rising energy costs, and increasing concern about global climate change have sparked strong interest in utilizing alternative energy technologies, such as nuclear power, hydrogen energy, biofuels, and renewable energy. Unlike renewable energy, some alternative energy technologies are not mature enough to be used as a main energy source (biofuels and hydrogen energy). Although some alternative energy, e.g. nuclear power, can reduce energy shortage, they are not environmentallyRead MoreEnergy Demands: Alternative Energy Resources1368 Words   |  6 PagesCan growing energy demands be met safely and efficiently? My talk today is about energy especially about energy demands. What is energy? In physics, energy is defined as the capacity to do work. This capacity is very important to our daily lives, business, and education and even for the national security. This is why it is so important for world to meet the growing demands of the energy. According to Global future studies research stated that there are 1.3 billion people are living without electricityRead MoreGreen Energy is a Substitute Energy Source1720 Words   |  7 PagesIntroduction â€Å"Green† (or alternative) energy is a substitute energy source for fossil fuels. Alternative energy is interchangeable with Renewable energy since the sources that are generated are natural and cannot be exhausted, all of which have minimal environmental impact. Alternative energy sources include solar power, which is acquired from the sun; wind power; water energy, which produces hydroelectricity; and biomass energy, which comes from plants. Due to these sources being free and causingRead MoreThe Problem Of Rapid Population Growth1605 Words   |  7 Pagesa world population of one billion people. Population statistics show that there were 1.6 billion people in 1900 and this figure reached 6 billion before the end of the 20th century. Over the past several decades, the world s population has been growing exponentially. According to the population statistics, this figure is going to ascend to more than 9 billion people by the end of 2050. Recent studies shows that the gro wth rate of population has somewhat steadied from the prior projections due toRead MoreNuclear Power And The Chernobyl Accident1479 Words   |  6 PagesSince the first commercial plant in the 1950s, the nuclear energy sector has increased steadily. From generating 684 billion kilowatt hours worldwide in 1980, nuclear power accounted for 2,345 billion KWh in 2012 (World Bank, n.d.). While the Chernobyl accident in 1986 did not trigger any decline in the global nuclear-generated power in the following years, the Fukushima accident in 2011 did. A drop of almost 200 billion KWh from 2011 to 2012 put a hold on the previously roughly constant numbersRead MoreAddicted to Oil1208 Words   |  5 Pagesdreams. The United States needs to become more energy independent by using sources other than oil. Many alternative sources are available but renewable sources provide the brightest future. The United States’ increasing dependence on oil is a growing problem. Oil demand is increasing at an outstanding rate, not only in the U.S. but also around the world. Consider this, in 2008, â€Å"the world produced about 85 million barrels of oil a day, but global demand topped 86 million barrels a day† (Pickens)Read MoreAdasdasda754 Words   |  4 Pages000 small and medium-sized enterprises. People are employed in tourism right across the country, in every constituency, in cities, in seaside towns... Save Paper Energy For Sustainable Management: Unit 3 Assignment able to produce as much useful energy as they consume, the break-even point. Sustaining reactions that produce enough energy to make them a commercially viable power... Save Paper The Sustainability Of Bws Under Philippine Laws Sustainability of BWS under Philippine Laws (A PositionRead MoreSwot Analysis Of Market Leadership : Onshore Nordex Essay1593 Words   |  7 PagesStrengths: Market Leadership: Onshore Nordex continued to maintain its position amongst the top three original equipment manufacturers (OEMs) in EMEA and other focus markets. According to the Global Wind Energy Council (GWEC) and European Wind Energy Association (EWEA), the company in some of the focus markets particularly including Ireland, the company had market share of 47%, followed by Finland (40%) and Turkey (20%). In South Africa, Nordex was one of the top four OEMs, with a market share ofRead MoreThe Global Consumption Of Oil904 Words   |  4 Pagesdecades. The use of energy resources all over the world has raised concerns over the consumption of energy resources and its environmental impacts. In this essay, an attempt is made to picture the geographies of energy consumption that increased attention to carbon emissions in the G7 and BRICs and countries like India, China, Brazil, U.S.A and Canada and its implications for human society, climate and political or economic dimensions. All the data discussed in this paper about energy use and emissionsRead MoreThe World Is Growing At An Amazing Rate1521 Words   |  7 Pageswell-being, to other species and the earth, is the human existence itself. The blasting increase in human population means that with every increasing life, the demand for food, fresh water, energy and a whole lot more other items will increase simultaneously. The world is growing at an amazing rate. Currently, the Earth’s population is growing by 60,000 people every eight hours; that’s two children born every second somewhere around the globe (Shariatmadari). So in a sense, every one second the supply

Analysis Of Marjane Satrapi s The Veil - 1393 Words

During the reign of Shah Mohammad Reza Pahvali Iran became modernized under his implementations’, however soon after the Shah was forced to leave Iran things take a toll for the worse. In the graphic memoir Persepolis, Marjane Satrapi highlights the sudden transition from a modernized society to a strictly religious environment in Iran during the 1970s through the use of juxtaposition in panels. Satrapi’s use of symbolism such as the veil, the posters, and books enhance the oppression that women in Iran face reign of the Ayatollah. Satrapi begins her memoir in a significant manner by titling the first section â€Å"The Veil† to emphasize emphasize and depict the importance that the veil will have throughout the entire novel.†¦show more content†¦Marjane’s mother was a revolutionary woman; she stood up for herself and the right of other Iranians; she had chosen not to wear the veil once and as a result she was â€Å"insulted (...) And [told] that woman like [her] should be pushed up against a wall and fucked†(74/4). Satrapi describes this horrifying situation in a series of small panels that fill up the entire page, she does this to depict how dramatic yet quick the event unfolded. The simple act of punishing women for not wearing a simple piece of clothing is in itself oppressive, seeing as the veil restrained women from fully expressing themselves. The veil influenced Marjane to do certain things in life and it made her feel a certain way, which is why the â€Å"religious† piece of clothing is extremely significant to Iranian women, whether it be in negative or positive way. Although, the veil represented a form of oppression for some women, it was the opposite for others and rather a form of religious freedom. By wearing the veil many women felt free and it was their form of expressing themselves. For fundamental woman, which are the older and conservative girls, wearing the veil was something that they enjoy ed wearing and believed that everyone else should I also be wearing the sacred head piece. However, for the modern women, which was more of the younger generation, wearing the veil was somethingShow MoreRelatedEssay about Persepolis1136 Words   |  5 PagesToward the end of the novel, Marjane says about people’s fear of the Islamic Commission, â€Å"It’s only natural! When we’re afraid, we lose all sense of analysis and reflection. Our fear paralyzes us. Besides fear has always been the driving force behind all dictators’ repression.† How do Marjane and her compatriots deal with fear and their daily lives? To what extent do you see fear as a controlling factor in your own country’s public life? The new Islamic republic regime was beginning to spread in

One Direction Free Essays

Intro to Communication 2. oopm-3. 40pm Informative Speech Outline Dreams and Ambitions Purpose: To inform my audience about how to follow your own dream and path, not following anyone else’s paths because they say you can’t do something. We will write a custom essay sample on One Direction or any similar topic only for you Order Now l. Introduction A. Greeting Good evening everyone. B. Attention getter Today, I’m going to tell you the stories of my life and someone who I looked up to. When I was in middle school, I was a dreamer and so was he. (Visual aid #1) One day, while watching Fast and Furious with my dad, I told him that when I was older, I would become a racecar driver Just like Vin Diesel. My dad checked my temperature after I said that. (Visual aid #2) Another day I was watching Step Up with my mom and told her I would become a dancer. I would search up dance tutorials on Youtube, watch them over and over again. Practiced in front of the mirror until I got it. But I never got it. And it Just annoyed my parent that they kept hearing mammoth footsteps from my room and that they couldn’t sleep. More recently, when I was half asleep on the bus on its way to my school. I was suddenly awakened to this funky song sung by this amazing singer. Then I knew I’d become a singer. Excited for an upcoming school concert. I signed up. Then my friends in school slammed me that no one would like me and that I would be the Joke to the school. I doubted myself since then. C. Credibility statement As someone who have been following every of his footsteps from he was as small as a fetus. He represents an iconic symbol for having dreams, faith, and to never stop believing in yourself. I would like to inform you about this person. D. Thesis statement It didn’t matter how many times you got knocked down on the floor, but you know one day you would have to get up and stand tall. Because everything has to start from omething, and something would be nothing if you didn’t believe and have faith in yourself. Where would you be if you didn’t believe. E. Preview of main points I’m going to leave with your imagination to fgure out whom this person is. I will slowly leave clue about this person. So I will be talking about his not so ideal background, his struggles to superstardom, and his triumphs. This is his story. Transition II. Body A. Main point #1 – His background 1. Subordinate point (e. g. , â€Å"According to†¦ â€Å") – He didn’t have the happiest family, in the world. He didn’t live in the biggest mansion in his neighborhood. And he didn’t even come first place in a school singing competition. a. Support- According to Townhall. com, his mother had him when she was only 18 years old. She had to live through an abusive childhood. Because everyone was pressuring her to abort her child. Because everyone thinks she didn’t have sufficient finance to support for her child, since she worked for a series of low paying office Jobs. His parent split when he was 10 months old. (Visual aid #3) b. Support- He came from a small town called Stratford, Ontario. When he was 12 years old, he wanted to play guitar and sing in front of a shopping mall. He would sit t the steps at the gate of the shopping mall and sing in the cold night. His voice carry out throughout the whole street Every pedestrians would have to stop, pull out their camera and film it. He also Joined his school idol competition. With only 12 years of age, he demonstrated a wide range of musical talents. Such as pop, R and B, he even rap for the audience too. Sometime he would bust out dance move that crack the audience. Like the air guitar. His friends were surprised, they would ask him where did all of hose moves come from. However, he fall short in third place. Suffered his first rejection in his singing career. Transition/Signpost Now that I have mentioned his background. I will now talk about his struggles. – B. Main point #2 – His struggles 1. Subordinate point – At this stage of success, there will be Jealousy and hatred. There are people who want him to fall, they want him to be the next train wreck, and want him to fall on the ground and never be able to get back up. a. Support – Celebrity gossip sites on the Internet such as TMZ, they will make up the most hideous and untrue stories about this kid. Here are examples of the stories they made up. – According to TMZ, they pictured him walking around with his shirt off in he street of London. Saying it’s a sign of disrespectful. Other say that he illegally went to an under aged club with his shirt off. Later, he was asked during an interview about this issue, and he was Just sweaty and hot from a grueling three hours performance. – According to mirror. co. uk, another news site. They said he was accused of hitting a paparazzi photographer in June while driving in the city of los Angeles who apparently stood right in front of his car. The paparazzi then have to be moved to a nearby hospital for treatments. However, in the photograph, the paparazzi is a full grown adult with twice the size of this kid. And another one, according to mirror. co. uk again, he was branded â€Å"disgusting† and â€Å"revolting†. For spitting from the top of his hotel. Transition to main point – Now that I have talked about his struggles and challenges, I will then talk about his road to fame. C. Main point #3 – His road to success. – At this point of success, people are watching him every breath and every move he takes. He have basically grown up with cameras all around him. Therefore, there are people who Just want to see him fall. But he didn’t take it as granted. He takes matter into his own hand. He became Just another kid on Youtube, to a worldwide arena eteran. a. Support – Then came social media. A powerful source of information that aided him to raise to superstardom. When he was 12, he decided to mess around with youtube. Posting videos of him doing different cover in his small apartment. And one day, this manager. People liked his video, wanting him to do different covers. His subscribers on Youtube reached hundred of thousand. – Then his mom, received a call from her friends. Saying that there’s this guy trying to reach her. He got a hold of his great aunt, got a hold of his school board. His mom was scared, asking herself, â€Å"Who is this guy? â€Å". So she went to a computer phone and called the mysterious guy from an unknown number to tell him, â€Å"Please stop calling! † She was trying to get rid of the anonymous man. Then they ended up taking from 2 to 3 hours. And this man, all the way from Atlanta. Told the mom and the kid to fly to him for a week with no strings attached. And he would introduce her to a bunch of other record producer to see if they want to sign the kid. If the mom didn’t want to sign, then they would Just get a free vacation and back to life as usual. They flew to Atlanta. This anonymous guy was a manager for a small record studio. He picked them up form the airport drove to his music studio. Then there’s this expensive Range Rover drove up to their car. And step out of the car was Usher, this kid freaked out ran up to him. And told him, â€Å"I’m one of your biggest fan. Can I sing one of your song to you? † after the manager warned him, â€Å"What ever you do, don’t say anything! . Yet again, he suffered another rejection. Usher simply pushed him aside and said, â€Å"It’s cold outside buddy, don’t worry about it. † He took off. This kid and the manager would fly to several states in 2 or 3 days. Meet with record producer, labels, and musicians. And every record label would sa y no to him. They said he had no platform. They need this kid to come from an experienced background like Disney. There’s no other option for him right now. Eventually this manager went to Usher’s recording studio, and Usher had to let him tryout. After a few minutes listening to this kid. He looked at the manager and asked him, â€Å"Who is this kid? † in astonishment. And the kid answered, miou don’t remember. You blew me off the other day. † It was not Just his amazing voice, it was his hair, his face, and his down to earth attitude. He just soaked up all the air in the room. It was beyond convinced that Usher had delivered a gift. That’s it, he has singed a contract with Usher. The mom and the kid is moving to the His grandfather, looking him walking pass the gate at the airport. He knew it was time to let this kid go. b. Support – He started to go to radio station. There were 40 kids, then 80, then 100 kids, then a couple of hundreds kids lining up outside the radio station to see him. – There are artists who sell out arena and stadium world tour, he is now the member of this club. On his first record, in his first year and a half. – Madison Square Garden in NY represents the pinnacle of success for an artist. The Rolling Stones, 132, Michael Jackson. And for this kid to play at MSG, and he’s the headliner. This Just doesn’t happen. And MSG sold out tickets in 22 minutes. The entire show depends on 2 fibers in his vocal chord. â€Å"Little things goes a very very long way. The moment we forget that, I think its over. † Said his manager. There were people standing outside the arena because they cant affordti, what he did was he walked outside the arena and gave free tickets that sit right up close to the stage to these girls. The fact that this kid can do this for his fans is amazing. – In the end, itâ⠂¬â„¢s Just him with his pen, nd paper in a room expressing his feelings and telling the world who he really is through his music. He said, â€Å"I’m 19 years old. I think I’m doing a pretty good Job. Basically from my heart I really Just want to say it really should be about music. It should be about the craft that I’m making. This is not a gimmick and I’m an artist and I should be taken seriously. † – And he’s right, so far at this point, he have won countless awards. 2 Grammy awards, 1 Brit awards, 6 Billboard Music Awards, 7 American Music Awards, 11 Teen Choice Awards, and the most prestigious award in the music industry, the milestone award. Which celebrate Ill. Conclusion IVe already signed up for the concert, its too late to back up now. I got on the stage alone, and I sung. My legs and hands were shaking. I asked myself â€Å"Will I be a dumb joke to the school? † But no, the audience leaped up from their chair, they applaud and clapped. Shocking, I couldn’t believe my own eye. Teachers were asking me to sing for their concert. Then I realized I was wrong. There’s nothing wrong with dreaming big, when you have believe in yourself. You only live once to follow your own dream. Don’t follow anyone else’s pathway. However, if you’re lost in the wood and you found a pathway, by all mean follow that. And most importantly, don’t listen to anyone’s advice. So here’s my advice Heres the model that IVe lived by. â€Å"There’s gonna be time in your life when people tell you that you cant do something. And there’s gonna be time in your life when people say you can’t live your dream. And there’s gonna be time in your life when people say that you can’t sell out Madison Square Garden. This is what I tell them. Never Say Never. † Justin Bieber â€Å"Don’t ever let someone tell you that you can’t do something. Not even me. You got a dream, you gotta protect it. When people can’t do something themselves, they are onna tell you that you can’t do it. How to cite One Direction, Papers

Conceptual Framework Fair value

Questions: 1. Explain why principles-based standards require a conceptual framework? 2. Why is it important that the IASB and FASB share a common conceptual framework? 3. It is suggested that several parties can benefit from a conceptual framework. Do you consider that a conceptual framework is more important for some parties than others? Explain your reasoning? 4. What is meant by a 'cross-cutting' issue? Suggest some possible examples of crosscutting issues? 5. What you think is the fundamental problem with financial statements based upon the historic cost measurement principle used under US GAAP? 6. What do you think of the principle' accounts must reflect economic reality' as a core principle of measurement in accounting? 7. How would you measure economic reality? 8. What is reliability in accounting? 9. The article states that the US standard setter FASB requires companies to record a provision in relation to environmental costs of retiring an asset if its fair value could be reasonably estimated. How do you think companies would go about estimating such a provision? 10. What aspects of the requirements were used by US companies to defer recognition of a liability? 11. In what ways does the recognition of the liability in relation to future restoration activity affect net profit in the current year and future years; and cash flow in the current and future years? 12. The article refers to changes in disclosure requirements relating to environmental liabilities in many countries around the world. How important is it that companies recognise the liability? To what extent is disclosure about the liability sufficient? Answers: 1. Principle based standards require conceptual framework Framework refers to the platform on which any kind of work can be done and Conceptual framework refers to the infrastructure framed for performing particular work or an activity keeping in consideration the values and concepts within the ambit of which the work or an activity is required to be performed. For defining and developing any accounting and reporting principles and practices, framework is required. If the framework is not present then the principles and practices will be prepared in random and disordered manner and will automatically result in the standards which may be inconsistent with the others and with the law prevailing for that standard. Thus, conceptual framework for financial reporting helps in defining the nature and aim of the accounting by considering the theoretical issues relating to the financial reporting (IASB, 2010 and Deegan,2006). There are two types of standards rules based and principle standard. The absence of conceptual framework leads to increase in the number of rule based standards whereas its availability leads to formation of principle based standards. Rule based standards details the rules which needs to be followed in the preparation of financial statements and these rules can easily be manipulated by the influence of some group or management whereas principle based standards are formed only on the basis of pre defined principles or concepts and the framework containing it (FASB,2002). If there is no conceptual framework, the principle based standards cannot be formed. Thus, in this manner, for setting up of the principle based standards presence of conceptual framework is of utmost importance. 2. IASB and FASB Share a common conceptual framework IASB and FASB have entered into joint project namely New Conceptual Framework Project wherein the main object is to revisit the frameworks within which standards have been set up for financial accounting and reporting purposes. The main aim of revisiting the conceptual framework is to come up with the common framework by redefining, updating and completing the existing framework. This new common framework will be shared by both the standard setting bodies. As per the new project, the main aim of both the bodies IASB and FASB is that the accounting and reporting standards shall be based on defined principles and policies which can be applied universally and uniformly instead of having the standards consisting of the principles and provisions which have been created out of the individual perceptions and arbitrary provisions and that too changes in case governing body of the standard setting board changes. Without having the common framework, there will always be the matter of argument or discussion over one issue or the other (Nash,2006). Along with this reason there are factors which require the sharing of common framework: The standards of one body shall be converged with the standard of other body. This is possible only by providing the common platform. It lays down the foundation for developing future standard and other accounting and reporting policies which shall be applied consistently and uniformly across the world. It facilitates the comparability, understandability and relevance of the financial information to the users of the financial statements. 3. Conceptual framework is more important for Some Parties than others As discussed, conceptual framework plays significant role in the financial accounting and reporting, it also provides various benefits to its users. One of the main parties who will get benefit of having the conceptual framework is the standard setter. Standard can only be defined when there is accounting and reporting framework and is defined and laid down by the standard setters. Along with him, there are other users. Another main party is the preparer of the financial statement. Preparer of the financial statement prepares the financial statements by keeping in view the standards set by the bodies which are known as International Financial Reporting Standards. Conceptual framework helps preparers in the way where no standard has yet been developed still the preparer forms the financial statements according to the developed conceptual framework. Another major party is the auditors of the organizations. Auditors are required to audit the financial statements of companies and give th eir opinion on the financial statements like whether it represents true and fair view or not. Auditors with the help of defined standards and where there is no standards with the help of conceptual framework checks the authenticity of financial information and gives their opinion. Third major parties are the users of the financial statements. Users of the financial statements are the stakeholder or shareholder of the companies and include banks, financial institutions, investors etc. By having the common conceptual framework, the users of the financial statements can interprets the information and can compare the same with the financial statements of the rivals of same companies. Thus, conceptual framework is more important to the other parties than the standard setters. 4. Cross Cutting Issues Cross cutting issues are defined in common parlance as the issues which are relevant to all aspects of the development like the environment, diseases, equality of gender, etc. Cross cutting issues in the context of accounting and financial reporting are defined as the issues which should be kept in consideration and are encountered when the development of any activity takes place in the field of accounting and financial reporting. These issues come across all the time and reappears whenever any sort of development takes place in the field of accounting and financial reporting. There is huge list of Cross cutting issues and following are some examples: Whether financial statements so prepared are for the use of shareholders of the company or for all the users of the financial statements, How an asset shall be defined? For instance, whether the term control shall form basic part of the definition of the asset or the event shall be defined for explaining control. How the recognition event for revenue shall be defined? For instance, it shall be defined on the basis of accrual or receipt. The concept of uncertainty and its effects. For instance, whether there will be an asset or liability in case any event that may happen in future which results in benefits or losses in the near future. Making the differences whether particular transaction is asset or liability or should be shown separately. (Bullen H, 2005) 5. Fundamental Problem in using Historic Cost Principle As per the historical cost principle, the asset or liabilities are recorded equivalent to the price of purchase or acquisition or with the amount of its incurring. The assets or liabilities so created are never revalued for appreciation or depletion in accordance with the current market prices. The basic and fundamental problem in the use of the historical cost principle is that the cost of an asset or the amount of liability does not change with the change in the market value. For instance, if the current market price of an asset increases then the figures stated in the financial statement are not reinstated to give effect to the change in the market price. This drawback give rises to another drawback which is defined as irrelevant (Whttington, 2007). By providing the historical cost based financial statements, the users of the financial information find the financial statements as irrelevant. The term irrelevancy is attached to the historical cost principle by most of the critics. (Nicole and Peppe, 2012). Users of the financial statements like bankers or investors requires the financial information which gives them the true picture of the financial results of the company and provides the insight to the users as to the amount realizable in case the company is wound up or provides the amount of cash flows which the company can generate in near future. Due to lack of this information, US GAAP and other bodies follows different measurement model which consists of mixture of the historical cost principle, fair value method and cash flows using discounted rates. 6. Economic Reality as a Core principle of measurement in accounting Economic reality is defined as the position of the economy of the world in real and fair terms which are relevant for making an analysis rather than providing the false position. For example, providing the actual death and birth rates by keeping the recent decade year as base year instead of having the start year of analysis as base year and providing the figures for people below poverty line and above that, minimum wage rate and the cost of living of normal people and so on. Economic reality in terms of accounting is referred to as the presentation of the financial statements to its users in the real and fair terms. Real term is referred to as the market or fair value with which the financial statements shall be stated. Thus, in this way, the concept of economic reality requires the financial statements to be stated with the market prices or fair value at the point of time and adjusted every time for change and thus emphasizes the importance of the concept of relevancy. There are various concepts that are described as the measurement principles of accounting like relevancy, comparability, understandability and reliability. The financial statements presented shall be reliable and relevant for the users of the financial statements and along with that it shall be understandable and comparable. As economic reality lays the focus only on the importance of relevancy and have left the portion of having reliable financial statements, I disagree with the statement that the economic reality is core principle for measurement in accounting. 7. Measurement of Economic Reality Economic reality is nothing but the economic position and performance of the company in real and fair terms as per the current market price and situations prevailing. To measure the economic reality, first all the items of the financial statements including the Balance Sheet, Statement of Income and Comprehensive Income shall be adjusted with the change in the market price as on that date and for the year respectively (CFA,2010). For example an asset purchased 30 years ago for $5,000 /- and stated in balance sheet at $1,250 after providing depreciation and impairment shall be adjusted for change in market price and shall be reported at the fair value as on the date of balance sheet. Similarly with the liabilities. The amount of liabilities shall be stated at the market price. After reinstating the same, the statements shall be made available for the users. The users then analyze the financial statements and information and if they find it relevant and comparable then the economic reality is positive. For instance, as per the current market price, it is assumed that the current net worth of the company shall be $200 billion and earnings per share shall be $20000 /- and the actual figures comes out with the approximate figures of the same then it will be assumed as the company has positive economic effect and the figures are real and sufficient to effect the decision of the users of the financial statements. Otherwise, the measurement of economic reality will serve no purpose and is less useful. 8. Reliability in Accounting As per the principle of reliability in accounting, only those transactions can be recorded in financial statements which can be easily verified and checked. For example, purchase of asset of $1000 with the invoice and payment has been made through cheque. In this way, the transaction of purchase of asset can be verified through invoice and cheque and thus can be recorded. Concept of reliability plays very significant role in the preparation of financial statements. Every user of the financial statements has reliance on the financial statements of the company. Only because of this reliance, financial institutions gives loans to the companies, investors invest their money in the company and so on. The financial information is said to be reliable only when the information is verifiable and genuine. These can be checked through invoices and payment mode, etc. After checking the reliability of financial information the auditors of the companies issues clean audit report otherwise they issues qualify audit report or sometimes issues disclaimer of opinion depending upon the circumstances and facts of the case. The reliability in accounting presupposes the presence of historical cost based accounting method. It underlines that an asset or liability shall be recorded with the purchase or acquisition price and thereafter adjusted for depreciation and impairment. Thus, the concept of reliability in accounting provides the reliable figures on which every users can easily rely and it does not focus the principle of fair value measurement as the figures in this method are questionable at each and every stage and are not authentic. 9.Provision of Environmental Costs As per the principle of prudence, losses shall always be anticipated and recorded in the books of accounts. Following the rule of prudence, it is very difficult and challenging task of estimating the provision of environmental costs because of the presence of the higher degree of uncertainty and contingency in the occurrence of environmental expenses like clean up costs, damages related to third party or damages of natural resources. Companies have different methods in estimating the cost varying from single outcome method to the probability methods. Therefore, it is clear that the one price can never be fitted to estimate the environmental costs (Ernst and Young, 2010). It is because in each case there are different uncertainties. Following are the methods to estimate the provision: Single Outcome In this method, the environmental costs is based on the estimate made by the engineer who is authorized professional to perform this task. But simultaneously it cannot be regarded as the best method because it assumes one overriding fact that the professional engineer knows the future and can certify the costs. ASTM - Association for Testing and Materials (ASTM) has provided four different methods by including the uncertainty analysis while estimating the environmental costs. First method is Expected Value Approach wherein the cost is equal to the estimated value of the probability of occurrence of all possible outcomes over the possible values. Second method is Most Likely approach, wherein the cost is equal to the amount in the scenario where the event is more likely to occur. Third method is Range of Values Approach. The cost ranges from the low to high with reliable assumptions and that too without probabilities. Last method is Known Minimum Value Approach. This is adopted when it can be reasonably identified that the costs will definitely occur (Sullivan, 2005). 10. Defer Recognition of Liability As per the provisions issued by United States Financial Accounting Standard Board (US FASB) in the year 2002, every corporation is required to make the provision for environmental cost in the financial statements on the retirement of an asset which will occur in the near future provided the fair market value of the environmental costs can be estimated. The pre requisite of having the fair market valuation of the environmental costs on making the provision of environmental costs has given way to many corporations to defer the creation of provision of environmental costs for future years and that too till the litigation or pending case be settled. The similar way has been adopted by the companies of United States. Second requirement that has been taken as plea for deferment of the liability for environmental costs is the uncertain time and method for settlement of the retirement of an asset. No certain method has been identified for valuing the environmental costs and also the correct time for settlement when the liability in actual arise cannot be determined. Companies of US has taken this plea also for deferment but it has not been come longer as the FASB in due time has clarified that the provision needs to be maintained even when the time or method for settlement is not certain and thus thereafter all the companies have created the piled up environmental costs of different properties in one year itself. Thus, US companies has been able to defer the creation of obligation towards environment for some years. 11. Affects of Recognition of the Liability By recognizing the liability of environmental costs, following affects has taken place: Net Profit On recognition of the liability towards the environmental costs, on one hand the liability will arise in the Balance Sheet and on the other hand the expenditure will be increased by an equal amount. As the expenditure is charged to the Statement of Income in the current year, therefore, net profit of the company will decrease. In the future years, there is no need to create the provision for environmental liabilities again and again unless there is requirement to reinstate the provision according to the market value in the future years. Therefore, in the future years there will be no effect in the Net profit or loss of the company. In the case study it is mentioned that once it has been clarified that the provision has to be maintained irrespective of the fact that the timing or the method is not certain. After that all the companies have created the provisions and the Net Profit of the companies has been gradually decreased in the current year as compared to the future years. Cash Flows As the payment has not been made in the current year, only the provision for environmental costs has been made, therefore, there will not be any cash inflow or outflow in the current year. In the future years, as the time for settlement comes, the environmental costs is required to be paid and thus in the future years the there will be cash outflow. 12.Importance of Recognition and Its Disclosure Importance of Recognition- Every standard mandates for every companies to comply with their provisions. By recognizing the environmental costs and liabilities thereon the financial statements of the company not only gives the true and fair view of the business of the company but also helps the users of the financial statements to analyze and compare the financial results of the company with the other companys financial results. All the statutory and regulatory bodies of different countries have made the standard as mandatory and lists down the disclosure requirements. Disclosure - Following disclosures shall be made: Environmental and Disposal Liabilities schedule shall contain the amount of cost recognized under various heads total estimated clean up costs or in bifurcation of recognized and unrecognized portion of clean up costs, amount of expenditure required to make the waste usable and the change if any in costs which has occurred due to change in conditions, statutory requirements, etc. A detailed note shall be given in the Notes to accounts detailing nature of the business, reasons for effecting the environment, number of properties, the amount of environmental costs estimated and the method used to estimate the same along with the list of properties. References Mac Donald L, (2002), Principle based approach to standard setting, FASB newsletter, available on https://www.fasb.org/project/principles-based_approach.shtml accessed on 24/01/2017. BullenH,(2005),Revisitingheconcepts,availableonhttps://www.fasb.org/cs/BlobServer?blobcol=urldatablobtable=MungoBlobsblobkey=idblobwhere=1175818825710blobheader=application%2Fpdf accessed on 24/01/2017. Nicole T and Peppe M, (2012), Fair value accounting versus historical cost accounting - the impact on financial statement presentation Ovidus, Romania. CFA,(2010),FairValueastheMeasurementbasisforfinancialinstruments,availableon https://www.cfainstitute.org/ethics/Documents/fair_value_as_measurement_basis.pdf accessed on 24/01/2017. Sullivan E, (2005), Estimating Environmental Liabilities, available on https://www.whitmanco.com/files/publications/Estimating_Environmental_Liabilities.pdf accessed on 25/01/2017 ErnstandYoung,(2010),FinancialReportingDevelopment:EnvironmentalObligations,availableon ttp://www.ey.com/publication/vwluassets/financialreportingdevelopments_bb0638_environmentalobligations_april2010/$file/financialreportingdevelopments_bb0638_environmentalobligations_april2010.pdf accessed on 25/01/2017International Accounting Standards Board (IASB), (2010), Conceptual Framework for Financial Reporting 2010 , pp 16-21 Deegan C, (2006), Financial Accounting theory, available on https://www.sekoyen.com/DeeganFAT_3e_Chapter_01.pdf accessed on 26/01/2017. Whttington G., (2007), Fair Value and the IASB / FASB Conceptual available on www.eiasm.be/userfiles/fair_value_and_the_iasb_septclean.doc on 25/01/2017. Nash H.,(2006),ConceptualFrameworkforFinancialReporting,available on https://www.ifrs.org/Current-Projects/IASB-Projects/Conceptual-Framework/DPJul06/Comment-Letters/Documents/CL9.pdf accessed on 25/01/2017.

Melon Queen free essay sample

I mention this being out of character for her because, although she is a pretty girl, she has never been the pageant type. Going into her senior year of high school, she was the only girl in her class still participating in three sports: volleyball, track, and basketball. She has never been afraid of dirt or sweat, just not the pageant type. In the months leading up to the contest she and her fellow contestants attended weekly classes with the past years queen in order to learn the ways of royalty. This includes smiling, walking, waving, talking, and dressing. She would show her mother and I what she had learned almost daily and she was getting quite good. As I mentioned before she is not the pageant type and hoped that she would be heartbroken after the contest. The summer went quickly and the festival was upon us. The time had come to put on a suit and tie and escort my beautiful daughter to the stage, where in front of a thousand people she would walk the runway and answer a difficult question concerning what she would do with 0,000,000. We will write a custom essay sample on Melon Queen or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page The contestants would be judged by four representatives from different festivals across Ohio. Ten girls were involved in the competition. I thought again how I hoped my daughter would receive a place and avert a broken heart. My wife and I sat in the front row. We watched and waited while the judges deliberated somewhere out of sight. This process seemed to take forever. When actually, after fifteen minutes, the judges came back with their decision. We held our breath as the MC took the envelopes and all ten girls held hands. The first announcement was that of Miss Congeniality. Everyone got quiet and my daughters name was called. A feeling of relief and joy came over me. She would not go home empty handed, she had not just won an award, she won the award chosen by her peers. That was something to be proud of. The MC then announced the runners up. Fourth, third, second, first then the moment of truth, who would be queen? Then I heard one of the most memorable things of my life, â€Å"The 2007-2008 Milan Melon Festival Queen is Amanda Richards! † My daughter had won. I actually thought I was going to faint. Everyone was jumping, cheering, and yelling. The whole extended family surrounded us laughing, crying, and hugging. As I looked up at my daughter and she looked back at me holding her roses and her two trophies in her arms, the smile on her face will be locked in my memory forever. The next year was filled to the brim with our travels around the state of Ohio with a giant slice of melon in tow. Attending festivals from Circleville to Geneva on the lake, and 26 others in between. The whole experience took us to places in Ohio I’ve never heard of and probably would never had visited had it not been for my daughters â€Å"seemingly out of character† decision to run for Melon festival Queen.

Serial Killer Randy Krafts Scorecard

Serial Killer Randy Kraft's Scorecard Many serial killers share similar characteristics. One that stands out is their desire to keep an item from their victims and hold on to it like a trophy.  It might be a piece of hair,  the victims drivers license, pictures, intimate apparel, or anything that would help the killer recall the experience. One of the most notorious killers to ever strike in California  was computer programmer Randy Kraft,   who was responsible for killing 16 young men, and suspected of killing up to 50 more. Kraft was also a trophy collector. At the time of his arrest investigators  found over 70 pictures of young men, most who looked unconscious or dead, tucked under the floor mat of his car, under the bare feet of his final victim. More were found inside his home during a police search. A Cryptic Coded List They also found a list inside a briefcase in his car trunk that was separated into two columns and had cryptic words listed under each column - 30 in the left column and 31 in the right column. Investigators referred to it as Krafts Scorecard (see enlarged image  of the actual scorecard)  because they believed it contained references and clues to the identities of  his victims. Some of the entries on the list were easy to connect to unsolved murders, including those  that  matched up with young men found in Krafts pictures. Other connections were ambiguous and failed to  provide enough evidence that would prove the connection in a court of law, although investigators believed the connections to be legitimate. Other entries could never be matched up to any unsolved murders to the frustration of the investigators who had worked years to solve the puzzles. Wishful Thinking or Real Evidence? Below is the Scorecard with the cryptic items listed in the order that Kraft had them listed. The more obvious connections include EDM,  which matched the initials of Edward Daniel Moore.Other notations matched the location of where the victims bodies were dumped, for example, Wilmington connected Kraft to the 1973 murder of John Doe-16 whose body was found in Wilmington. What was most disturbing to investigators were the entries like 2 IN 1 MV TO PL that appeared to represent that there was more than one victim, yet they were unable to connect it to any unsolved murders. What the list did provide were clues to the identity some of Krafts victims that could then be matched (or not matched) through forensic testing of evidence found on and around the victims and in Krafts home. This allowed investigators to charge Kraft with 16 murders, which he was later found guilty of committing. The Scorecard - Warning: Very Graphic Below is the list of the words on the scorecard, in the order that Kraft listed the words. The first column contains the number as it was listed by Kraft, the  second column is the cryptic entry, the third column  are the victims that the police were able to connect to Kraft based on the clue from  the cryptic word. The fourth  column are comments about why the connection was made, or information about the victim or about Kraft in reference to the victim. Cryptic Word(s) Victim Comments 1 STABLE Oct. 5, 1971Wayne Joseph Dukette, 30, of Long BeachBody found nude in south Orange County on the bottom of a ravine off the Ortega Highway. He was killed on Sept. 20.Cause of Death: Acute alcohol poisoning. Dukette worked part-time as a bartender at the Stables Bar in Sunset Beach. His car was found in the bars parking lot.Kraft worked at a bar located next to the Stables and often frequented Stables after work. 2 ANGEL No connection was made to an unsolved case. 3 EDM Dec. 26, 1972Edward Daniel Moore, 20, Marine based at Camp PendletonBody found on the off ramp of 405 and 605 freeways in Seal Beach. Moore died three days before being found.Cause of Death: Strangulation.- A sock was found inside his rectum.- Beaten on the face with possibly a pipe.- Dumped from a moving vehicle.- Bound at the wrists and ankles.- Deep fingernail scratches on testicles.- Bite marks on penis.- Victim was redressed. An instruction book for the harmonica that belonged to Moore was found in Krafts home during a police search.Moore was one of the 16 victims that Kraft was found guilty of murdering. 4 HARI KARI No connection was made to an unsolved case. 5 AIRPLANE HILL Feb. 6, 1973John Doe, Huntington Beach. Around 18 years old.Body found nude laying in an area known as Airplane Hill in Huntington Beach.Cause of Death: Either suffocation or loss of blood.- Ligature marks around his wrist.- Sodomized and emasculated.- Victim was redressed. During the time of the murder, Kraft lived in an area known to residents as Airplane Hill.The victim was one of the 16 victims that Kraft was found guilty of murdering. 6 MARINE DOWN No connection was made to an unsolved case. 7 VAN DRIVEWAY No connection was made to an unsolved case. 8 2 IN 1 MV TO PL No connection was made to an unsolved case. 9 TWIGGIE Nov. 27, 1974James Dale Reeves, 19, of CypressPartially nude body found in Irvine off the San Diego Freeway.Cause of Death: Undetermined-Three-inch round branch projecting from his rectum.- Body was posed in a Y position. Reeves had been at Ripples bar earlier in the day. It is also where his car was found abandoned later that day. 10 VINCE M Dec. 29, 1973Vincent Cruz Mestas, 23,Long Beach State University StudentBody found at the bottom of a ravine in the San Bernardino Mountains.Cause of Death: Strangulation.- His face and head had been shaved.- A sock was found inside his rectum.- A stick or pencil had been forced into his urethra.- His genitals were mutilated.- His hands were cut off.- He had been redressed, except for his shoes and one sock. Kraft lived a few blocks from the victim. 11 WILMINGTON Feb. 6, 1973John Doe 16, around 18 years old.Nude male body found off of the Terminal Island Freeway in Wilmington.Cause of Death: Possible Strangulation- Ligature marks around his neck.- A sock was found inside his rectum. Victim was recognized by some as a prostitute who worked around the Belmont Shore bluffs, which was one of Krafts cruising areas, 12 LB MARINA No connection was made to an unsolved case. 13 PIER 2 Aug. 3, 1974Thomas Paxton Lee, 25, of Long BeachBody found down an embankment under the Long Beach Harbor.Cause of Death: Strangulation. Lee would often cruise Granada Beach and Belmont Shores Bluff which was also areas that Kraft would go looking for one-night stands. 14 DIABETIC No connection was made to an unsolved case. 15 SKATES Jan. 4, 1975John William Leras, 17, of Long BeachBody found in the water at Sunset Beach.Cause of Death: Strangulation- A wooden surveyors stake found inside his rectum. The day before Leras body was found, he was seen getting off of a bus near Ripples Bar, carrying his skates. Kraft frequented Ripples Bar during that time.Two different sets of footprints were found in the sand, indicating that he was carried from a car and dumped into the water. 16 PORTLAND No connection was made to an unsolved case. 17 NAVY WHITE No connection was made to an unsolved case. 18 USER No connection was made to an unsolved case. 19 PARKING LOT May 8, 1975Keith Daven Crotwell, 19, of Long BeachCrotwells severed head was found in Long Beach near the 72nd Street jetty.October 18, 1975: The rest of his body, except for his hands, was found near El Toro.Cause of Death: Accidental drowning Last seen in Long Beach with Kraft on March 30, 1975.Crotwell was unconsciousin the front seat of Krafts Mustang. His friend, Kent May was unconscious in the back seat. The witness saw Kraft pull into the parking lot next to the Belmont Plaza Pool, push May out of the car and drive off with Crotwell.May told police that Kraft supplied drugs and alcohol to him and Crotwell and that he passed out soon afterward, 20 DEODORANT July 29, 1982Robert Avila, 16, of Los AngelesBody was found off the Hollywood Freeway in Echo Park.Cause of Death: Strangulation. Avila was known for his heavy use of deodorant. 21 DOG July 29, 1982Raymond Davis, 13, of Pittsburg, CaliforniaBody found next to another victim in Echo Park.Cause of Death: Strangulation. Davis was visiting relatives in Los Angeles. On the day that he went missing he was going to the park to look for his lost dog. 22 TEEN TRUCKER June 2, 1974Malcolm Eugene Little, 20, of Selma, AlabamaBody found along Highway 86, west of the Salton Sea.Cause of Death: Strangulation.- Body posed.- Emasculated.- Tree branch was jammed inside his rectum. Littles brother was a truck driver who had dropped him off on May 27, 1974, at the Garden Grove Freeway and San Diego Freeway interchange. He was planning to hitchhike back to Alabama. 23 IOWA No connection to an unsolved murder was made. 24 7TH STREET July 28, 1973Ronnie Gene Wiebe, age 20Body found on the 7th Street on-ramp to the San Diego Freeway. His car was found with a flat tire parked at the Sportsman Bar in Los Alamitos.Cause of Death: Ligature Strangulation.- A sock was found inside his rectum.- Suffered a fractured skull from repeatedly being hit on the head with a heavy object.- Hung upside down when tortured.- Bite marks on stomach and penis.- Redressed except for his shoes.- Thrown from a moving vehicle. The connection was based on the code and the location of his body. 25 LAKES MC Sept. 14, 1979Gregory Wallace Jolley, 20, of Jacksonville, FloridaBody was found in the Lake Arrowhead area.Cause of Death: Unknown- Emasculated and mutilated.- Head and legs were removed. Kraft often hunted for Marines. Jolley wore military clothing and told people he was in the Marines.A sketch pad belonging to Jolley was found in Krafts home during a police search. 26 MC LAGUNA June 22, 1974Roger E. Dickerson, 18, Marine at Camp PendletonBody found at Laguna Beach.Cause of Death: StrangulationAutopsy Results- Sodomized and mutilated.- Genitals and left nipple had been bitten and chewed.- Alcohol and diazepam was found in his system, He was last seen on June 20 near a bar in San Clemente. He had planned to hitchhike to Los Angeles. 27 GOLDEN SAILS Jan. 17, 1995Craig Victor Jonaites, 24. Address unknown.Body found in a lot next to the Golden Sails Hotel and Bar on the Pacific Coast Highway in Long Beach.Cause of Death: StrangulationAutopsy Results- The body was fully clothed except for his socks and shoes. The connection was based on the code and the location of his body. 28 EUCLID April 16, 1978Scott Michael Hughes, 18, Marine from Camp PendletonBody found off the Euclid Street on-ramp, eastbound to the Riverside Freeway in Anaheim.Cause of Death: Strangulation.- Emasculated- Diazepam found in system.- The body had been redressed except for his shoe laces which had been removed from his shoes. Rug fibers found at Krafts home matched rug fibers found on Hughes body.He was one of the 16 victims that Kraft was found guilty of murdering. 29 HAWTH OFF HEAD April 22, 1973John Doe 52The torso of the unidentified man was found at Alameda Street and Henry Ford.- Right leg found on Terminal Island Freeway in Wilmington.- Arms, torso and right leg found along a road in Sand Pedro.- Head found near Redondo Avenue in Long Beach.- Left leg found behind the bar, Buoys Shed, in Sunset Beach.- Hands were never located.Cause of Death: Strangulation- Emasculated and mutilated.- Signs of being bound.- Eyelids removed. 30 76 Aug. 29, 1979Victim Unknown (John Doe No. 299)Body found in a dumpster located at Union 76 station and Pacific Coast Highway in Long Beach.Cause of Death: UnknownAutopsy Results- A sock was found inside his rectum.- Head, arms, and legs had been cut off. Only the head, left leg, and torso were found. 31 2 IN 1 HITCH No connection was made to an unsolved case. 32 BIG SUR Aug. 12, 1974Gary Wayne Cordova, 23, of PasadenaBody found down an embankment in southern Orange County.Cause of Death: Acute Intoxication (alcohol and diazepam)Body was dressed except for shoes and socks. Friends say he was hitchhiking to Oceanside. He often talked about Big Sur. 33 MARINE HEAD BP Feb. 18, 1980Mark Alan Marsh, 20,Marine from the El Toro baseBody found in Los Angeles County off Templin Highway and Interstate 5Cause of Death: Unknown- A large object was found stuffed inside his rectum. His head and hands were cut off. Marsh often hitchhiked. He told friends he was going to Buena Park. 34 EXPLETIVE DELETED Paul Joseph Fuchs, 19, of Long BeachLast seen at Ripples Bar in Long Beach on Dec. 12, 1976, Kraft frequented Ripples Bar during that time. 35 FRONT OF RIPPLES No connection was made to an unsolved case. 36 MARINE CARSON June 19, 1978Richard Allen Keith, 20,Marine from Camp PendletonBody found along Moulton Parkway between El Toro and La Paz roads.Cause of Death: Strangulation. He was seen on June 18 hitchhiking from Carson.Keith was one of the 16 victims that Kraft was found guilty of murdering. 37 NEW YEARS EVE Jan. 3, 1976 Mark Howard Hall, 22, of Santa AnaBody found in Bedford Peak at the east end of Santiago Canyon.Cause of Death: Acute Alcoholism and Suffocation. Dirt had been packed into his trachea.- Emasculated and mutilated.- Several parts of his body, including his eyelids, eyeballs and his genitals had been burned with an automobile cigarette lighter.- A plastic object had been jammed into his urethra, penetrating the bladder.- Penis was removed and stuffed into the anus.- Knife scrapes on the victims legs. He was last seen on Jan. 1 leaving a New Years Eve party in San Juan Capistrano.Hall was one of the 16 victims that Kraft was found guilty of murdering. 38 WESTMINSTER DATE Nov. 24, 1979Jeffrey Bryan Sayre, 15, of Santa AnaWas last seen leaving Westminster after his date with his girlfriend. He had intended on taking the bus home, but the buses had stopped running for the night. The connection was made based on the reference to the location he was last seen and the code. 39 JAIL OUT Roland Gerald Young, 23, address unknownBody found on Irvine Center Drive near the San Diego Freeway.Cause of Death: Stabbed in the heart.- Emasculated- He had been redressed. Young had been released just hours before his body was found from Orange County Jail on a misdemeanor violation.Young was one of the 16 victims that Kraft was found guilty of murdering. 40 MARINE DRUNK OVERNIGHT SHORTS June 19, 1979Donnie Harold Crisel, 20, Marine from the Tustin baseBody found on the on-ramp of the Irvine Center Drive to the San Diego Freeway.Cause of Death: Poisoned with alcohol and drugs- Burned on his left nipple with an automobile cigarette lighter.- Ligature marks on neck and wrists. Crisel only had shorts on when his body was found.He was one of the 16 victims that Kraft was found guilty of murdering. 41 CARPENTER No connection was made to an unsolved case. 42 TORRANCE Sept. 30, 1978Richard A. Crosby, 20Body found on Highway 83 in San Bernardino County.Cause of Death: Suffocation- His left nipple was mutilated with an automobile cigarette lighter. On the night he was murdered he had gone to a movie in Torrance. Crosby always hitchhiked.The connection was made based on the reference to the location he was last seen and the code. 43 MC DUMP HB SHORT No connection was made to an unsolved case. 44 2 IN 1 BEACH Feb. 12, 1983Geoffrey Allan Nelson, 18, of Buena ParkNelsons nude body was found on the Euclid on-ramp to the Garden Grove Freeway.Cause of Death: Strangulation.- Emasculated- He was thrown from a moving vehicleRodger James DeVaul Jr. 20, of Buena ParkDeVauls body was found in a ravine in the Angeles National Forest.Cause of Death: Compression to the neck.- Sodomized- Body redressed. Photo of Devaul was found at Krafts apartment during a police search. He appeared dead in the photo. They were two of the 16 victims that Kraft was found guilty of murdering. 45 HOLLYWOOD BUS Aug. 20, 1981 -Christopher R. Williams, age 17Body found in San Bernardino Mountains in San Bernardino County.Cause of Death: Pneumonia due to aspiration.Autopsy Results- Paper was found stuffed in his rectum.- He was dressed except for his shoes, socks, and underwear. Williams was a known prostitute who often hustled customers at the bus stops in Hollywood. 46 MC HB TATTOO Sept. 3, 1980Robert Wyatt Loggins, 19, a Marine from the Tustin baseBody found nude inside of a trash bag in an El Tor housing project.Cause of Death: Acute intoxication- Signs that a sock had been stuffed into his rectum. Loggins had a large tattoo on his arm. He was last seen near the Huntington Beach Pier.A picture of Loggins was found under the floor mat of Krafts car. In it, he appeared nude, posed, and dead.He was one of the 16 victims that Kraft was found guilty of murdering. 47 OXNARD No connection was made to an unsolved case. 48 PORTLAND ECK Name unknown. OregonJuly 18, 1980: Body found off Interstate 5 in Woodburn, OregonCause of Death: Strangulation 49 PORTLAND DENVER July 17, 1980Michael Shawn OFallon, 17, ColoradoCause of Death: Strangulation- Sodomized- Alcohol and diazepam found in blood stream. He was hitchhiking from Denver to in the northwest.OFallons camera was found in Krafts apartment during a police search. 50 PORTLAND BLOOD April 10, 1981Michael Duane Cluck, 18Body found near Interstate 5 in Goshen, OregonCause of Death: Bludgeoned to death- Sodomized- Bludgeoned 31 times in the back of the head. Prosecutors made the connection because this was the bloodiest of all of the 45 crime scenes.A shaving kit with the name Mike Cluck printed on it was found in Krafts bathroom during a police search. 51 PORTLAND HAWAII Dec. 9, 1982 -Lance Trenton Taggs, 19, OregonBody found near Wilsonville, OregonCause of Death: Unknown- A sock was stuffed inside his rectum.- The body had been redressed. Taggs had a bag with Hawaii printed on it which was found at Krafts house during the investigation. Taggs was also wearing a shirt with Hawaii printed on it. 52 PORTLAND RESERVE Dec. 18, 1982Anthony Jose Silveira, 29Body found nude near MedfordCause of Death: Strangulation- Sodomized. Also found with a toothbrush stuffed into a body cavity. Silveira had recently completed National Guard duty. He was last seen on Dec. 3, hitchhiking to a Guard drill in Medford. 53 PORTLAND HEAD Nov. 28, 1982Brian Harold Witcher, 26Body found near Interstate 5 near Wilsonville, OregonCause of Death: UnknownWitcher was thrown from a moving vehicle.His body was fully clothed except for socks and shoes. Witcher was last seen in Portland, Oregon before he was murdered.No connection to the HEAD in the code has been made. 54 GR 2 Dec. 9, 1982 (Cousins)- Dennis Patrick Alt, 20, of Comstock Park, Michigan- Christopher Schoenborn, 20, of Conklin, MichiganTheir bodies found in a field several miles from their hotel in Grand Rapids. They were attending a convention.Alt died from asphyxia by choking. His body was clothed except his genitals were exposed. His boots were also missing.Schoenborn died from strangulation. His body was nude and had a pen stuffed into a body cavity. Evidence linking Kraft to the murders includes witnesses who saw Kraft and the two victims talking together in the hotel bar the night before they were murdered.Alts car keys were found in Krafts hotel room after he checked out on Dec. 8.A bottle opener that belonged to one of the victims and Schoenborns jacket were found in Krafts home in Long Beach. 55 MC PLANTS No connection was made to an unsolved case. 56 SD DOPE Jan. 19, 1984Mikeal Laine, 24, of ModestoSkeletal remains found in the mountains near Ramona in San Diego County.He had a history of using illegal drugs. 57 HIKE OUT LB BOOTS July 8, 1978Keith Arthur Klingbiel, 23, of Everett, WashingtonBody found on the road of Interstate 4 near the La Paz exit near Mission Viejo.Cause of Death: Drug poisoning and strangulation- His left nipple was burned with an automobile cigarette lighter.- He was thrown from a moving vehicle- A bootlace was missing from his left hiking boot.- A Long Beach matchbook was found in his pocket. Klingbiel was one of the 16 victims that Kraft was found guilty of murdering. 58 ENGLAND No connection was made to an unsolved case. 59 OIL No connection was made to an unsolved case. 60 DART 405 Nov. 18, 1978Michael Joseph Inderbeiten, 20, of Long BeachBody dumped during rush hours at the Seventh Street off-ramp, intersection of the San Diego Freeway and 605 freeways.Cause of Death: Suffocation- Sodomized- Scrotum and testicles had been removed.- Penis appeared skinned.- Victim was alive during emasculation.- Victim impaled with a large object in rectum.- Deep burns made with a cigarette lighter found on his nipples.- Body was nude except for his pants that were pulled down below the waist. Inderbeiten was one of the 16 victims that Kraft was found guilty of murdering. 61 WHAT YOU GOT No connection was made to an unsolved case. Kraft was charged with 16 murders, 14 of which were connected through the list.  He has always maintained that he was innocent and told investigators that the list referred to various gay relationships that he had been involved in and shouldnt be taken seriously.He was charged with murdering 16 young males, mostly from southern California.  Victims and their number on the list: (3) Edward Daniel Moore, (39) Roland Young, (24) Ron Wiebe, (28) Scott Hughes, (36)  Richard Keith, (19) Keith Crotwell, (37) Mark Hall, (46) Robert Loggins, (40) Don Crisel, (60) Michael Inderbeiten, (44) Geoff Nelson, (44) Roger DeVaul, (5)John Doe, (N/L)  Kevin Bailey,  (57)  Keith Klingbeil, (N/L) Eric Church, (N/L) Terry GambrelTwo victims Kraft was convicted of murdering (Eric Church and Terry Gambrel) were not on the list, or at least investigators could not make a connection.  A jury  found Kraft guilty and on  November 29, 1989, he was  sentenced to die.

Discuss Principles of Teaching and Learning in Relation to a Teaching Essay

Discuss Principles of Teaching and Learning in Relation to a Teaching Session and Reflect on the Experience of Teaching a Studen - Essay Example They help educators to analyze the quality of instruction they deliver to learners and the opportunities they offer to students. People refer to the principles of learning as laws of learning (Amin and Khoo, 2003). This paper covers the various applications of principles of learning that educators apply in the nursing profession. These principles are tremendously vital in the nursing profession. This is because they enable nurses and other professionals with the responsibility of teaching to impart relevant and sufficient material to their respective students. The principles give additional insight on the things that make people learn in the most efficient manner. Scientists have discovered them, tested them, and used them in practical situations and thus making them reliable and applicable in the profession (Killen, 2006). These principles are particularly vital in the nursing profession since they enable teachers and students to reflect on practice. It also supports professional di alogue that is the parties use to strengthen pedagogical practices. Role of the nurse as educator A Nurse educator is a professional person who has undergone advanced educational and clinical training and has spent many years in the healthcare specialty. There are various core skills that strengthen the nursing workforce in the process of providing peer mentorship. These include a combination of a passion for teaching and clinical expertise. These are the specialized skills that differentiate the nurse educator and other clinical professionals. For one to be an excellent clinical educator, a passion for teaching is particularly vital. One should engage in practices that they have an interest in, and this makes the work easy. One should also posses various learning and teaching principles and skills that should guide them in the process of imparting knowledge to other people (Callara, 2008). The nurse educators have a responsibility of designing and evaluating academic programs for c linical staff and the nurses. Having worked in the profession for a long period, they have the necessary and appropriate experience that they have gathered to make decisions concerning what should be taught to clinical staff. They are aware of the changes that should be made to make the professionals improve their skills and expertise significantly. They alter various educational programs that include degrees, certificates, and other informal, continuing educational programs so that they can meet various individual learning needs (Georgii, 2011). In the world today, people expect the nurse educators to redefine the learning process for better work-flow and outcomes of various educational systems. This will make sure that the educational system is in line with the diverse and ever-changing environment of healthcare. Through this, they will sufficiently guide patients and students through the process of learning (Killen, 2006). Nurses have a role of imparting new computer technologies to their preceptors and patients. The nurse educators serve the teaching role in community health and schools education events. With advancement in technology, the nurse educators play an extraordinarily vital role in ensuring the community is conversant with the emerging technological advancements. The nurses who have gathered

Gender Roles In Old Testament Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Gender Roles In Old Testament - Research Paper Example Men and women both are considered saints when they die according to the Testament; there are different aspects of being a saint such as being a martyr, a military leader or a monarch etc. which symbolized the different roles that were played by them in their life as Christians. Jesus is believed to have told his followers in the Testament that God is like their Father and should be addressed so. Catholics and Orthodox Christians also believe that there is a special place for Mary, who was the Mother of Jesus and this shows that they give virtue to the maternal value in Christianity. Protestants, however, don’t believe in the devotion towards Mary, called Marian devotion. (Pierce, Groothuis, & Fee, 2004) The Old Testament describes the journey of Christianity and its beliefs. Christianity came from patriarchal societies which place men in a higher position of command in a marriage bond, in society, government and many other aspects. Christ was inclusive of women, however, apostles were the only male. Marian devotion rose in the Middle Ages and so did chivalry. Women became part of church life later by developing the concept of a convent where women played a role by being religious nuns and sisters. (Barton, 2007) Gender roles have also been debated over the years among people of different beliefs and their different theories, however, there are some views that are widely accepted in our culture and in our practical lives as well. The way of life is shown in the Old Testament; it is a revelation with roles defined for men and women that people often confuse for their own purposes today. It covers what their roles have been since they were created. And it further helps us to overcome barriers, races, cultures etc. and to understand the broader sentiment of the subject.  

Petroleum As The Core Business Of PETRONAS

Petroleum As The Core Business Of PETRONAS The company of my choice is PETRONAS, the petroleum Multinational Corporation based in Malaysia. The paper will outline the background of the company followed by identification of the actual and potential impacts of globalisation on the company. Recommendation of strategies which the company might use to respond to the impacts is covered in the last part of the paper. 1.0 Overview of PETRONAS Multinational enterprise is defined as a large company with substantial resources that perform various business activities through a network of subsidiaries and affiliated located in multiple countries. (Cavusgil, Knight Riesenberger, p.13). PETRONAS, the acronym for Petroliam Nasional Berhad is a petroleum multinational corporation headquartered in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia which was incorporated on 17 August 1974 under the Companies Act, 1965. It is national oil company of Malaysia, vested with the entire ownership and control of the petroleum resources in the country (PETRONAS, 2010). Under the leadership of Tan Sri Hassan Marican, PETRONAS is transformed rapidly into a global company with oil explorations and business joint ventures with overseas partners. Over the years of effort, it has become a fully-integrated oil and gas corporation with operations in more than 30 countries worldwide and ranked among FORTUNE Global 500 ® largest corporations in the world (PETRONAS, 2010). 1.1 Integrated business of PETRONAS PETRONAS is fully integrated across the value chain from the upstream exploration, development, production, processing, and transportation and gas transmission to the marketing of liquefied natural gas and other petroleum products as shown in Figure 1.0. PETRONAS also involved in domestic refining, petrochemical manufacturing and marketing business, while managing a globally coordinated downstream operation designed to optimize product delivery to its customers through its marketing and trading operation (PETRONAS Capital, 2009). PETRONAS also engage in shipping, automotive engineering and property investment. Figure Integrated Business of PETRONAS Source: PETRONAS Annual Report 2010 1.2 Petroleum as the Core Business of PETRONAS Petroleum is the core business of PETRONAS because refined petroleum products account for 37% of the company total revenue amounting to RM80.7 billion (PETRONAS, 2010). Exports and domestic operation contributed 35% and 19.7% of PETRONASs total revenue respectively which bring positive balance of payments to Malaysia (PETRONAS, 2010). Thailand, Japan, Korea and Singapore has been the main crude oil export countries of Malaysia which account for 87% whereas over 40% of gas was exported to markets in Japan, Korea and Taiwan, most of the remainder used domestically for electricity generation (Malaysia Green Technology Corporation, 2010). Figure PETRONAS Composition Revenue 2010 Source: PETRONAS Annual Report 2010 The international operations are as important to PETRONAS which generated 45.3% (RM98.1 billion) of the company total revenue. PETRONASs production are mainly comes from Indonesia, Thailand, Myanmar, Vietnam, Chad, Egypt, Sudan, Mauritania, Iran, Pakistan and Turkmenistan. Africa remains to be the companys prominent operation region which contributed 57.7% of the company international production followed by South East Asia (25.1%) Oceania and Middle East Asia (17.2%). 1.3 Organisational Structure of PETRONAS Figure Organization structure of PETRONAS Source: PETRONAS Annual Report 2010 PETRONAS adopted a centralized functional organisation structure which the executive vice president (EVC) and vice presidents (VC) have to constantly report their performance to the CEO. Each VC or EVP from respective function are responsible to monitor and controlling the overseas operation with the aids of overseas joint venture companies or partners 2.0 External Analysis of PETRONAS 2.1 Political PETRONASS oil exploration often takes place in high political risk countries such as Sudan and Iraq with abundant resources of oil and natural gas. Sudan has been in political instability and having war for more than three-quarters of its existence due to the independence, protracted conflict rooted in deep cultural and religious differences which has slowed down country economical and political development (U.S. State Department, 2010). Recently, Sudans internal war evolved from the issue of exploring more oil region outside the territory because of depletion of the existing oil reserves. Despite political instability of Sudan could disrupt PETRONAS in oil exploration, the company had strengthened its politics affiliation through Malaysian Government to mitigate the effect. For example, PETRONAS is welcome by Sudan Government to pursue exploration and development works in its, Melut and Muglad Basins which has expanded in both the upstream and downstream sectors of the countrys oil and gas industry (PETRONAS, 2010). Besides, liberalize of countries trade policy is prominent to guarantee the profitability of PETRONASs overseas operation. In Malaysian, fewer tariffs are imposed on petroleum and gas product. PETRONAS is assigned to regulate the upstream activities in oil and gas as well as controlling the foreign investment of upstream petroleum and gas industry through the form of production-sharing contracts (PSCs), between foreign investors and PETRONAS. Likewise, South Africas government also developed their national oil and natural gas company, Petroleum Oil and Gas Corporation of South Africa (PetroSA) on managing and promoting the licensing of oil and gas exploration includes onshore and offshore exploration of the country. Thus, PETRONAS set its own oil refining and marketing presence in Africa through its 80% owned subsidiary, Engen Petroleum Limited ENGEN, a leading South African refining and marketing company. 2.2 Social Islam remain as the important role in shaping Malaysias position on many international issues especially those related to the Muslim world of which the Middle East is a part (Ruhanas Harun, 2009). Middle East and North Africa account for 60.4% of the world oil reserve which are the important for PETRONASs exploration and production. Thus, Malaysian government has been proactive to build up religious affiliation by developing membership of a worldwide Islam brotherhood. The action is paid off when Malaysia oil reserves have dwindled and few domestic opportunities exist to drill for new reserves, PETRONAS has successfully to expand its operations to Iraq and Sudan which are Islamic oriented developing countries. 2.3 Economic PETRONAS is the biggest contributor to the Malaysian government budget, accounting for 39.3% of the federal governments revenues in 2008, up from 36.4% in 2007 (CIA, 2010). According to Bank Negara, 26% of inward FDI of Malaysia was channelled into manufacturing oil and gas in 2008. With the financial support of PETRONAS, Malaysian Government has been subsidizing the local fuel prices since 2004 which is different from many countries whose followed the exact fuel prices regulated by global market price of gasoline (Bernama, 2010). The fuel price subsidies is intended to protect the local welfare of middle income household but it causes 5.0 to 44% of Malaysias fiscal deficit (JATRO). The activities of the state-owned PETRONAS influence the aggregate patterns, resulting in substantial investments in exploration and extraction in the oil and gas industry which is more towards the US, Canada and Australia as the recent rapid development of unconventional gas resources. 2.4 Technology Environment In Malaysia, domestic reservoirs are maturing due to the fact that Malaysian production is depleting since oils has been produced for hundred years. PETRONAS has been expanding overseas exploration and production of resources such as South Africa, Egypt and so on. Just like many other oil companies offshore rig has caused ecological imbalances such health and reproductive problems for surrounding marine life, destroys kelp beds, reefs and coastal wetlands, and exposes the wildlife to threats of oil spills (Greening Forward, 2008-2010). In such way, PETRONASs image is harm through the directly linkages to environments pollution. Company has been focusing on green technologies and developing in-house greening solutions. In particularly, the company has an ongoing research for strengthening PETRONAS ECOPLUSà ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¾Ã‚ ¢ environmentally friendly, degradable polymer series (PETRONAS Annual Report). 3.0 Overview of Globalization According to Business Dictionary, globalisation implies opening out beyond local and nationalistic perspectives to a broader outlook of an interconnected and inter-dependent world with free transfer of capital, goods and services across national frontiers. As world economy globalizes the national economies integrate into the international through trade; foreign direct investment; short-term capital flows; international movement of workers and people in general and flows of technology (Najam, A., Runnalls, D. Halle, M). This has created opportunity to the rise of multinational like PETRONAS in developing country venturing to the petroleum industry that used to be the exclusivity of companies from developed countries such as Royal Dutch Shell from United Kingdom and Exxon Mobil from United States. With the globalisation effect, PETRONAS has been growing organically and through strategic partnerships, via joint ventures, mergers acquisitions and so on as catalysts for escalated performance (Dato Shamsul Azhar Abbas, 2010). PETRONAS is gaining more freedom either on exporting petroleum products or setting up oil refineries in worldwide. This enable the company to continue dominant its position in the international business environment by penetrating larger capital market that has lesser regulations on foreign direct investment. For instance, PETRONAS is included in The New Seven Sister ranking by Financial Times which considered as one of the most influential international oil and gas companies which controlled about one third of the of the worlds oil and gas production and reserves (Nicholas Vardys The Global Guru, 2010). However, globalisation is not a bonus giving for all companies but imposes certain opportunity cost to the companies operations. PETRONAS may enjoy of possessing diversified revenue base which generated from its overseas operations and marketing. At the same time, the company has the opportunity cost of facing unexpected problems of like changing economic, regulatory and political environments globally and regionally which would create a serious impact to the companys growth. The actual globalisation impact on PETRONAS will be political risk, global competition and global technology transfer. 3.10 Actual Globalisation Impact on PETRONAS 3.11 Political risk Political risks of operating countries remain as the fundamental globalisation impact of PETRONAS because 42.1% of the companys revenue derives from international operation in countries such as Iran, Myanmar, Cuba and Sudan in the fiscal years ended in 2009. PETRONAS strategy was to pick strongest partner in operating countries to minimise these risk. For instance, the company is in partnership with China National Oil Corp. and Sudans National Oil Company, Sudapet, while in Iran it has a tie-up with Frances TotalFinaElf, which has a strong relationship with the country (Leslie Lopez, 2003). 3.12 Global Competition Globalization makes it increasingly difficult for PETRONAS to rely only on national regulation to protect its local positions in oil and gas industry. PETRONAS is deemed to face intense competitions of its oil and gas and refining industries in both domestically and internationally. For instance, PETRONASs retail subsidiary company, PETRONAS Dagangan Sdn Bhd used to compete with its main competitor Royal Dutch Shell but now competing with other retail competitors like ESSO (Exxon Mobile subsidiary), Caltex and BHP (Boustead Petroleum Marketing Sdn Bhd). On the other hand, globalisation of liberalization enables oil firms to set up oil refinery in other countries which lead PETRONAS in a competition of oil exploration and production operations in Sudan. 3.13 Risk and Benefit of Technology Transfer As economies open up, more people become involved in the processes of knowledge integration and the deepening of non-market connections, including flows of information, culture, ideology and technology. New technologies move across boundaries quicker, by connecting workers and citizens across boundaries and oceans (e.g., the rise of global social movements as well as of outsourcing), but they can also threaten social and economic networks at the local level (Najam, A., Runnalls, D. Halle, M). Under the effect of globalization, technology transfer is performed from MNC home country to host countries. PETRONAS presence in Sudan has transferred its exploratory and production technology to expand upstream and downstream sectors of Sudanese oil and gas industry. This could have harmed PETRONAS in a sense that transferring its competitive advantage to Sudan because the nation can explore the countrys oil reserved through skills learned from PETRONAS. Nevertheless, PETRONAS also learn special technology skill through its overseas joint venture partners. PETRONAS learned appropriate petrochemical technology through its joint venture partners include The Dow Chemical Company (Dow Chemical), BASF Netherlands B.V. (BASF), BP Chemicals, Idemitsu Petrochemical Co. Ltd, Mitsubishi Corporation, and Sasol Polymers International Investments (Pty) Ltd, (Sasol Polymers) which possess financing capability, marketing and distribution expertise (PETRONAS Capital). 3.20 Potential Globalisation Impact on PETRONAS 3.21 Depletions of Natural Resources The rapid acceleration in global economic activity and our dramatically increased demands for critical, finite natural resources undermine our pursuit of continued economic prosperity (Najam, A., Runnalls, D. Halle, M.). Under the globalisation process, firms gain free access to exploit natural resources of one country to another without any restriction. Non renewable resources like petroleum and gas sooner will be depleted over the years through uncontrollable exploration and productions. These impose serious environmental cost as well as the influencing the future direction of oil and gas industry. Sustainability of PETRONAS and other petroleum companies is deemed to be affected as petroleum product is source of revenue of the industry. Therefore, finding replacement of these depleted resources through invention of new technology is crucial to sustain the companies the industry. 3.22 Changes in foreign environmental laws and regulation In order to protect the environments, some countries might enact additional environmental legislation and regulation regarding exploration and production of oil and gas, petroleum, petrochemical products and other activities. Environmental law and regulation would limit or prohibit the company on drilling activities within protected areas and certain other areas; and impose penalties for pollution resulting from oil, natural gas and petrochemical operations, including criminal and civil liabilities for serious pollution ( Green Forward, 2008-2010). These would incur significant unforeseen expenditures for PETRONAS to comply with such requirements, which could adversely affect on PETRONAS business, financial condition and results of operations in overseas. Therefore, PETRONAS is in disadvantage because of taking longer time to response the changes in foreign environment laws and regulation attributes to its centralised management structure which connected globally 3.23 Risk of Brain Drain During the year under review, the shortage of critical skills faced by the oil and gas industry represented the key people related challenge faced by PETRONAS (PETRONAS, 2010). With the globalisation effect, PETRONAS could have enjoyed the benefit of penetrating and extracting talents in different countries by setting up overseas operations. However, it put the company at risk of brain drain in worldwide operation. Brain drain is referring to the net loss of a countrys highly trained and skilled manpower through migration (WebFinance, 2010). This is because globalisation process improves the mobility of skilled labour to move around the world freely. This means workers are becoming active information seekers and concern about their benefits in the organisations. Conveniences of knowledge sharing like pay standards and job opportunity via Internet able to influence the workers decision on staying in the same organisations. If PETRONAS Malaysia unable to offered attractive incentive to motivate skilled workers, the company is likely to find very difficult to retain the higher skilled workers who attracted better remuneration and benefits from companies in developed countries such as UK, Middle East, and so on. 4.0 Recommendation Figure Ansoffs Matrix Strategy Source: http://www.franteractive.net/resources/Ansoff-Matrix.GIF 4.10 Diversify to innovative green technology In order to overcome the potential impact, PETRONAS should not over dependence on natural resource like oil and gas to sustain the company future. PETRONAS is recommended to acquire new market with new product line through diversification. The company could focus on developing green technology as the environment preservation is key concern of around the world. Thus, PETRONAS is recommended to develop alternative fuels such as converting plastic waste to fuels, wastewater to fuels and so on which are considered economical to consumers yet reducing the pollution and damages to environment. In Malaysia, PETRONAS should emphasize on recycle energy supply technology by turning garbage into energy because Malaysian produced 23000 tonnes of garbage each day. With this technology, PETRONAS could form partnership with local electricity producer, Tenaga Nasional Berhad (TNB) as a way to increase its competitive advantage of diversification in energy industry over other oils and gas competitors as well as improving the environment status in Malaysia. 4.20 Reposition PETRONASs image By addressing the environmental problem causing by exploration and production activities, PETRONAS has been investing on its corporate social responsibility (CSR) centred on enhancing the education and community programme in Malaysia and abroad. In Vietnam, PETRONAS contribution to the nations development through education was recognised through the Certificate of Merit in Education by the President and Deputy Prime Minister of Vietnam in 2010 (PETRONAS, 2010). But still there is a limitation of the companys CSR direction which should be refocuses on preserving the environments. Therefore, it is important for PETRONAS to reposition its image to be responsible and environmental concern oil and gas corporation. The company has to be alert of the changes foreign environmental laws and regulation as well as filling Environmental Assessment (EIA) before setting up exploration, production, refining and chemical projects in overseas. The company should increase investment on its research an d development by reducing the air emission and discharges resulting from the operation of natural gas processing plant, chemical plants, refineries, pipeline system. 4.30 Retain talents with attractive incentives program and growth PETRONAS believe staff is selflessly built, nurtured and grown under the corporation share value of loyalty, integrity, professionalism and cohesiveness. PETRONAS should continue its CSR on providing quality education in each country as a way to recruit talents from amongst the local and overseas graduates. However, retaining the existing high quality staffs of PETRONAS is a prominent factor to sustain the future of the corporation. Therefore, PETRONAS should increase the human empowerments by offering occupational mobility along both the technical or managerial tracks and ample opportunities for learning and growing. PETRONAS should also launches special incentive program to motivate staff through giving bonuses, company trips and other staff benefits. In this way, staffs would find themselves appreciated and more willing to serve the company with loyalty. 5.0 Conclusion From time to time, the most distinct globalisation impact on PETRONAS is the politics instability of oil exploration and production countries followed by the global competition of building market share as well as the oil and gas resources. The trend of technology transfer under globalisation, on the other hand, has benefited PETRONAS of capturing technical skills from overseas partners but it also leads PETRONAS losses its competitive advantage through transferring patented technologies while exploring other countries. Potential impact of globalisation would be the depletion of resources, changing environmental law and regulation and loss of human capital which are needed to take account by PETRONAS of sustaining its global presence in the coming future. In order to mitigate the actual globalisation impacts, PETRONAS has to strengthen its politics and religious affiliation with oil production countries for the future benefit. As for resolving the potential impact, PETRONAS is recommended to perform diversification in innovative green technology as the world is stressing on environment preservation. In addition, the company needs to reposition its global image not only by means of its current corporate social responsibility that solely focus on regional education but it should be more focus on environment preservation. Next, PETRONASs re-evaluate their incentives plan to avoid brain drain problem which high skilled workers are poached by competitors in developed countries. As a conclusion, it is important for MNC to join hand with government to mitigate the globalisation impact. PETRONAS strategy of growth through joint venture and partnership in the global is a brilliant way of reducing business risk. But without the effort of Malaysia Government of being proactive in developing politics and religious affiliation with Middle East countries, PETRONAS can never gain the opportunity to explore in these countries. Therefore, PETRONAS has to maintain its current competitive advantage as well as keep an eye on the unknown impact of globalisation. 2897 words