Am Getting Old Now

I'm getting old now is a prose poem. It is quite vibrant and simple and presents the theme of cycle of life. It depicts the poet's acceptance of death and links with with his nostalgic memories of his mother. The first part of the poem symbolize his dream while second part signifies that he is close to death. He address death as a long lost friend whom he seeks to meet in the near future. Realizing that he has got less time to spend on earth he reminisce his past memories and dream a lot. In his dream he recollects how much love and pride his mother had in him. The poem is very touching and it instills in us the pain we feel when we reminisce about good things long lost. A few Key Points: Meeting of different cultures: tourist comes from modern world, and thinks he can dispose of this irritating beggar. But when she speaks she casts a spell, and shows him who is really in control. Woman rooted in where she lives – identified with sky and hills, and draws power from them. Things not what they seem: woman has more power than the poet suspects. Poem has a formal structure in triplets (three-line stanzas). Occasional half rhymes (â€Å"coin†/ â€Å"shrine†, â€Å"on†/ â€Å"skin†) and full rhyme to mark a pause: (â€Å"crone†/ â€Å"alone†). Lines are short but always with pattern of two stressed syllables, apart from in the final line, where the single stress brings the poem to a full stop. Most words monosyllables. Poem refers to old woman with third-person pronoun â€Å"she† and tourist with second-person pronoun, â€Å"you†. This makes poem like an account of real experience, putting reader in tourist's place. Coin which woman begs at the start of the poem, gives the ending its enduring image. Tourist's weakness is suggested in metaphor of â€Å"small change†, while â€Å"in her hand† indicates that woman has power over him. Her power also suggested by appearance – her eyes are â€Å"bullet holes†, dark spaces with nothing behind. â€Å"Cracks† (lines) in her face turn into cracks in sky, hills and temples, while the old woman remains invulnerable (â€Å"shatter-proof†). Crone† suggests the magical power of the old woman. CHURCH GOING Larkin starts his poem after making it sure that no ceremony was going on in the Church. It connotes that Larkin himself did not like ceremonies being performed in the Churches, perhaps due to people’s unconcerned attitude towards churches, otherwise he would not have said: â€Å"Once I’m sure here’s noth ing going on†. When Larkin says â€Å"Another church†, in line number three, it denotes that he has visited all the churches and every church of the city is empty. Perhaps, he has found some mental tranquility in the present church that is why he made his mind to stay in the Church for some time as it was his habit. There is a beautiful blend of similar and dissimilar objects in the poem. For example in stanza number four, line number 28 â€Å"after dark† and â€Å"dubious women† and in stanza number six, line number 48 â€Å"suburb† and â€Å"scrub† respectively. The ellipses, personification, humour, rhetorical questions, transferred epithets, synaesthetic imagery and irony combined make the poem a thing of beauty. The last stanza brings about the final and absolute conclusion. â€Å"A serious house on serious earth it is† pays tribute to churches. Everything of this world may wipe out, even â€Å"superstition, like belief, must die† but the essential uniqueness of churches can never obsolete and out dated. This final stanza not only brings about the ultimate message but it also removes the ambiguity of the poem. In the poem the poet asked his readers â€Å"And what remains when disbelief has gone? †. When everything will be annihilated, the church shall renovate humanity. This is a poetic reaction to the failure of organized religions of all traditions, not merely of Christianity, as the word â€Å"church† might lead us to suppose. Traditionally the way of devotion has been pointed out as the method of spiritual pursuit for the ordinary man of this Age of Kali. And organized religions, even though they are severely afflicted with schisms and sectarian conflicts and even open fights, flourish; and pilgrimage itself has become a billion dollar business the world over. But this is a far cry from the real way of devotion. Sri Aurobindo has expounded the nature of this path in his The Synthesis of Yoga. But he has conceded that in the religions of the masses, â€Å"†¦a most external form of ceremonial worship† , has a legitimate role to play. This is said in the light of the tantric gradation of spiritual pursuit which begins at the level of â€Å"†¦the herd, the animal or the physical being, the lowest stage of its discipline†¦Ã¢â‚¬  But larger and larger segments of this herd is getting estranged from their usual beaten tracks and wandering away from moral ways and seeking solace in drugs and debauchery. This is a clear indication that mankind has come of age, that here after mankind has no use for organized religions of the traditional types. The clergy knows this; that is why it resorts to terrorism in desperation. A college professor's palm was chopped of by the agents of terror who speak for Islam. And the Christian management of his college had him dismissed. Do you know what he was accused of? He had used the name Muhammad in a question he had set for his students. The question required the students to apply punctuation marks to a passage that reported a conversation between a character named Muhammad and God. And well/hell, the professor got his palm chopped off in the name of the Merciful. If this is religion then religion is doomed. church going is rather reality of life.. according to the present generation church going is just a tradition that they have been following since childhood, so its a part of their practise more than faith. Larkin is not interested in any ceremony or any sort of prayers and priests instead he visits the church when it is silent. He does not have belief in church but cannot stop visiting it. However he still has that respect for church as he removes his clips of trousers as a mark of respect. Throughout the poem his thoughts reveal his concern for the present as well as future of and wonders what is their fate. It is worth noticing that even though poet is not a believer of these churches, he still continues with his traditions and not only him, in fact most of us do have the same mindset, be it a temple, mosque or church. Therefore the poem is applicable in present era.

Discuss – Whether or not we should use animals

The use of animals for medical research is a debatable issue with some claiming that for the benefit of science, medical research needs animals and testing on animals is a necessity for the progress of science. Others argue that it is unethical to use animals and any other form of life as some of this research would involve killing of the animals and this is completely unacceptable even for the sake of progress of science. Other alternative methods to killing and using animals should be used for research and study and animals should not be directly used, abused and killed. In fact people advocating protection of wild life and related policies are against the capture and indiscriminate use of nature’s resources even if it is in the grab of betterment for humanity.   This essay deals with both sides of the debate showing the advantages and disadvantages of using animals for testing for betterment and advancement of medical research.Part IWhy animal testing is plausible and can be usedIn most cases, most pharmaceutical companies try new drugs on animals first and also try new chemicals or use animal anatomy to understand human anatomy. Many people believe that medical research as practised by big pharmaceutical companies use animals unethically for business gains and profits. The medical companies have their own research and development units where new drugs are initially tested on animals, especially rats or guineapigs and the effects of these drugs are then generalized on to humans a many clinical symptoms of animals are similar to what is expected in humans.Thus if new drugs are not effective or have adverse impact on animals, the same could be presumed in case of humans for the same drug. This generalization factor is important as companies and scientists claim that they use animals to understand the effects of drug on humans or simply to understand the structure and functions of human by studying animals as it would not be possible to study humans an d their body parts directly and it would also be completely wrong to apply new drugs or use new medicines for illnesses on humans directly without knowing what effects these would have on the body.In fact although before releasing a new drug in the market, companies conduct clinical trials on volunteers after testing these on animals and volunteers get paid for this. Yet the ethical aspect of this, or trying new drugs on humans is again debated but then this is the way medical research has to work otherwise new drugs will not be tested. It is again controversial whether new drugs could be tested artificially say with technical or robotic manipulation and whether drugs could be used on humans directly without testing on animals. How ethical would that be and thus there are two points here that touches on ethical issues.In the first case, animal testing would be unethical and yet testing medicines directly on humans without testing on humans would again be unethical as adverse consequ ences can directly affect human volunteers. For this reason it is almost necessary to test new drugs on animals first before testing them on humans as long as there is no suffering to animals and as long as there is some general research progress expected from such tests.Most people consider animal testing acceptable within limits. In one study by Fenwick and Fraser (2005), drug regulatory reviewers and pharmaceutical industry experts and scientists were interviewed to explore different perspectives on obstacles and opportunities of replacement, refinement and reduction or the three Rs in drug research and development (Fenwick and Fraser, 2005). The study found that most scientists and researcher generally tend to support the use of animals in medical research and suggested that the level of animal use is acceptable in pharmaceutical industry and replacing the use of animals would not be a feasible idea.Part II –Why animal testing is unethical and should not be usedIn the stu dy above by Fenwick and Fraser (2005) the three Rs have been considered as necessary in changing animal research. However this could be implausible as there are obstacles to applying the replacement or refinement of animal testing as there is a lack of non-animal alternatives and other alternatives may not fulfill the needs for statistical validity and industry. Also regulators could depart from certain patterns of animal use and in some cases commercial objectives are more important than following the three Rs. Less animal-testing could also jeopardize human safety according to some.However three Rs with replacement and refinement in testing could mean genetically modified animals and better animal models with drug use on gene actions and changes. The re-use of animals and using sufficient number of animals are also some of the issues. In some cases regulatory studies are combined so that animal data is minimized yet fulfill regulatory requirements.Fenwick and Fraser (2005) suggest ed that following the three Rs would be in accordance with industry priorities and validation of alternative methods would also be necessary. Greater consensus would be required in certain areas of disagreement related to animal testing according to the authors and these are issues related to death and re-use of animals and also whether pilot studies and alternative methods would contribute to reduction in the number of animals (Fenwick and Frazer, 2005).Thus animal use and testing is consider unethical due to matters related to death and reuse of animals and the use of too many animals could also be reduced with better more advanced tests that would require fewer samples and could be done more efficiently.Part III –Summary of both the viewsThus as seen, there are many reasons for which animal testing could be useful or even unethical. Death of animals would be suggesting against it and medial progress and usefulness for human drugs would be the strong points. It is important to develop alternative methods of testing that could replace the use of animals in medical research and according to Wilcox (1998), the US Food and Drug Administration or FDA is committed to facilitating the development and validation of new testing methods that could reduce or minimize the use of animals. The international science community has been challenged to develop and discover methods that could obviate the need for animals for extrapolation to human situations and conditions in case of pharmaceutical research.The appropriate mechanisms of toxicity and hazard and safety decisions should be known and the FDA is focused on protecting public health by successfully integrating science and social causes. The agency’s broad regulatory responsibilities relate to understanding the use of vaccines, drugs, blood supply and medical devices as also veterinary drugs and animal feed. The FDA has been in regulating the principles and alternatives of animal testing in medical resear ch.The FDA tries to identify the gaps between industry and academia especially in terms of communication or data gaps and methods gaps and supports in developing new research data and methods to find alternative methods of testing for drugs aiding in the regulatory decision making process. Wilcox (1998) suggests that a new paradigm introducing new and validated testing methods for the FDA scientists is emerging and this is responsible for application and acceptance of regulations in testing.A study by Williams et al (2007) investigated the use and impact of animal testing for research and teaching purposes and the awareness of these regulations among public and the opinions related to this. In a study by Williams et al, an independent telephone study was conducted to collect information on awareness and interest in the use of animal testing for medical research and whether individuals have confidence in such regulations and principles.The study obtained data from 750 individuals in NZ and 33% of the respondents expressed interest in the issue with 39% interested in animal testing for research and 21% showed interest for teaching purposes. Most respondents between 68%-72% suggested that animal testing would be acceptable if there is no unnecessary suffering to the animal and that regulated within the principles of medical research.However most people felt that animal research would be completely justified in case of research on life threatening and debilitating illnesses such as cancer and would also be justified when testing cosmetics and products that can do little or no harm to the animals.   8% of the respondents knew something about regulations dealing with animal testing in medical research.Williams et al (2007) thus suggested from the study that majority of the individuals were not interested in the issue although most who did accepted that animal testing is completely acceptable as long as there is no unnecessary suffering or in case of minimal advers ity or in case of medicines for life threatening illness. Thus there may be certain social opinions on the use of such drug trials on animals considering the seriousness of the research and the results expected.BibliographyAndreas-Holger MaehleGeneral Conclusions: Experimental Pharmacology and Therapeutic InnovationClio Medica/The Wellcome Series in the History of Medicine, â€Å"Drugs on Trial† by A-H. Maehle , pp. 311-315(5)Fenwick, N.P.;  Fraser, D.The Three Rs in the pharmaceutical industry: perspectives of scientists and regulatorsAnimal Welfare, Volume 14,  Number 4, 2005, pp. 367-377(11)Gerdts, Volker;  Littel-van den Hurk, Sylvia van Drunen;  Griebel, Philip J;  Babiuk, Lorne AUse of animal models in the development of human vaccinesFuture Microbiology, Volume 2,  Number 6, 2007, pp. 667-675(9)Roberts, Stephen M.Ethical Issues in the Use of Data from Testing of Human Subjects to Support Risk AssessmentHuman and Ecological Risk Assessment, Volume 7,  Numb er 6, 2001 , pp. 1569-1573(5)Williams, V.M.;  Dacre, I.T.;  Elliott, M.Public attitudes in New Zealand towards the use of animals for research, testing and teaching purposesNew Zealand Veterinary Journal, Volume 55,  Number 2, 2007, pp. 61-68(8)Wilcox N.L.FDA position on validation and acceptance of alternative methodsToxicology Letters, Volume 95, Supplement 1, 1998 , pp. 31-31(1)

The Effects Of Domestic Violence On Women Essay - 1246 Words

The first key question that the authors Alaggia, Regehr Rishchynski, (2009) are to figure out that how come there is not addressed the domestic violence and continue to persist as a social problem affecting a large number of Canadian Women. The authors are trying to answer this question giving some statistics, how the women are abused from their partner, such as the violence reported when the relationship is ended, and is some other case the violence starts after the separation. Furth more the authors mention another key answer that I think could be a question, is what are the effects of domestic violence? Alaggia, Regehr Rishchynski underline the effects of violence against women, and is very important to show what are is not only the injury but health, and mental health. The authors want to say that women are abused and pass to different health, emotional disorder. Alaggia, Regehr Rishchynski, mention that the â€Å"World Health Organization revealed that women who reported intimate partner violence reported significantly poorer health status, emotional distress, and both suicidal ideation and attempts† (Alaggia, Regehr Rishchynski , 2009, p. 335) Moreover, another important question that the authors want to answer and give important information to people that do not know is: Why immigrant women do not use services and report their abuse and violence that are passing through? Alaggia, Regehr Rishchynski, answered immigrant and refugee women have many obstacles whenShow MoreRelatedThe Effects Of Domestic Violence On Women1654 Words   |  7 PagesIntroduction Violence against women has been recognised internationally by the world Health Organization (WHO, 2013).Women has been facing different types of violence since the age of 15 such as physical, emotional or verbal abuse. The highest prevalence of domestic violence (DV) is from their intimate partner/perpetrator both physical emotional (WHO, 2013). It has been depicted by the Australian Bureau of Statistics (ABS, 2013) that rate of domestic violence against women by their intimateRead MoreThe Effects Of Domestic Violence On Women1652 Words   |  7 PagesDomestic violence is present in all regions of the world regardless of race, culture, or religion. It is not uncommon for men to experience spousal abuse. However, in reality abuse done by men towards women is a much more common occurrence. Men often abuse women as a result of negative domestic relationships experienced during childhood, the feeling of inadequacy and mental illness. However, the leading cause for this behaviour is the feeling of inferiority and the need to exert power. StereotypicallyRead MoreThe Effects Of Domestic Violence On Women1601 Words   |  7 Pagesquestions that women who suffer from domestic violence ask themselves everyday. Thousands of women every year face abuse from their male partners. It is estimated that three women a day are murdered in the US everyday by a current or past male partner (Huffington Post), therefore proving that an argument between two people in love can result in more than just heartbreak. Partner abuse against women is an epidemic that needs to be addressed. Domestic violence is a very serious issue that women face in modernRead MoreDomestic Violence And Its Effects On Women1599 Words   |  7 PagesDomestic violence is a large social issue around the world that is commonly associated with the mistreatment of women. However, there are many different forms of domestic violence that affect men, women, and children (Domestic Violence 1). Victims of domes tic violence may suffer not only physically, but emotionally and mentally as well. Domestic violence is a very important social issue because it negatively affects both the abuser and the victim. In the article, â€Å"Domestic Violence and Abuse: TypesRead MoreThe Effects Of Domestic Violence On Women1362 Words   |  6 PagesDomestic violence is a sensitive topic even though media and society are providing more information about this topic. Domestic violence not only affects women but children and family in general. This issue is a very sensitive topic and not a lot of individuals are comfortable talking about it or sharing if they have either experience or have someone in their lives that had been subjected to abuse. Sadly, domestic violence is experienced by many people and it does not matter what race, gender, socialRead MoreThe Effects Of Domestic Violence On Women2258 Words   |  10 Pagespossible effects of witnessing domestic violence as a child. Use psychological theory to explain your answer. Research has continuously shown that men are the primary perpetrators of violence and women being the victims which has led to increased awareness of the effects of Domestic violence on women. However, what researchers have failed to acknowledge is that women too can be perpetrators of violence and abuse against their partners and children (World Health Organisation, 2012). Although women canRead MoreThe Effects Of Domestic Violence On Women889 Words   |  4 PagesDomestic violence can often go unnoticed, unreported and undeterred before it’s too late. Unfortunately, recent awareness efforts have gathered traction only when public outcry for high profile cases are magnified through the media. Despite this post-measured reality, a general response to domestic violence (DV) and intimate partner violence (IPV) by the majority of the public is in line with what most consider unacceptable and also with what the law considers legally wrong. Consider by many, moreRead MoreDomestic Violence And Its Effects On Women1183 Words   |  5 Pagesfrom there. Everyone in a homebound affiliation is at risk of obtaining a violent status. Domestic violence has had the grandest impact on women. It can be found all over the world, within various countries. Domestic violence has a harsh, negative, and destructive influence on women; domestic violence can lead to em otional, physical, and psychological damage. Domestic violence is defined as an act of violence within the household. The aforementioned is one of the most underestimated and underreportedRead MoreThe Effects Of Domestic Violence Towards Women2023 Words   |  9 Pages Domestic violence towards women is a problem that is often overlooked by society. Violence is defined in Webster s Dictionary as: â€Å" Physical force employed so as to damage or injure. As an instance of violent action.† (Webster) If this is the case, then why is it that so many women are beaten by loved ones each year? And little or nothing is done to correct this violent situation? A battered woman is pictured by most people as a small and flimsy person who might once have been pretty. SheRead MorePhysical and Psychological Effects of Domestic Violence on Women1593 Words   |  7 Pages â€Å"Domestic violence is the leading cause of injury to women in the United States† (Jones 87). Every twelve seconds, a woman is beaten by a man (Jones 6). Every nine days, a woman is murdered by her husband or boyfriend (Jones 7). Statistics like these outline the severity and seriousness of the domestic violence epidemic in this country. Unfortunately, it has taken lawmakers too long to recognize domestic violence as a devastating situation that affects millions of people both physically

Chronic And Severe Mental Disorder - 1259 Words

The moment people feel pain they resort to the doctor to find out what is going on with their bodies. They feel either very high pain or moderate pain depending on their problem and symptoms. However, when you are a schizophrenic person you don t feel pain like a person without this disorder would feel it. In fact it at times leads them to go on without knowing they have a disease that can be fatal. The pain can come into your body and take over but you are insensitive to this. That is how a schizophrenic person feels every single day of their lives without even noticing. It s a chronic and severe mental disorder that is genetic. Some scientists think that an imbalance in the complex, interrelated chemical reactions of the brain†¦show more content†¦This can be life threatening because they can come in too late to get treatment. For example, it was mentioned by Dwrokin that whether the patients did or did no complain about pain most of them got attention relatively late in t he course of their disease. In fact the percentage of complaints by non-schizophrenia patients was 95 percent or more with these disorders. Those disorders mentioned are acute appendicitis and acute peptic ulcer (Dwrokin, 1994). Not only do they not know they have a disease or some type of injury but they can also hurt themselves. They are less sensitive to bodily discomfort; they endure uncomfortable positions, pricks of a needle, injuries, hurt themselves (Dwrokin, 1994). Antipsychotic medication could also play a part to this insensitivity to pain. It was suggested that pain insensitivity in schizophrenia may be a result of neuroleptic medication (Dwrokin, 1994). One important thing that was mentioned in the paper was that the effect of pain insensitivity in individuals with schizophrenia is brought from congenital insensitivity to pain. Life expectancy seems to be shortened in individuals with congenital pain insensitivity with death occurring from unattended or unrecognized trauma and associated infections. However, these individuals with congenital pain insensitivity can be taught certain strategies to avoid illness and injury. Sensations such as tingling, itching, pressure, warmth, and cold can be taught to

Management and Leadership - 1558 Words

Management and Leadership Paper â€Å"Leadership and management must go hand in hand. They are not the same thing. But they are necessarily linked, and complementary. Any effort to separate the two is likely to cause more problems than it solves† (Murray, 2010). This paper will differentiate between leadership power and management. At Frito Lay leaders and managers play an important role in maintaining healthy organizational culture. This paper will also evaluate the affect of globalization and management at Frito Lay. The roles of both managers and leaders are vital for an organization. The unique processes and qualities of a leader set him or her apart from being just a manager. A manager works with the structure, organization,†¦show more content†¦Indra Nooyi has brought change to the organization by her charming characteristics and has led and swayed the decision-makers of the organization toward the vision of the mother company. â€Å"The leader who has expert power has certain expertise or knowledge; people comply because they believe in, can learn from, or can otherwise gain from that expertise† (Bateman Snell, 2009, pg 440). A leader with expert power may only have power over the specific subject matter that he is knowledgeable of rather than over other areas in the organization. Frito Lay’s president and chairman, Al Carey believes that the future of his company lies in adopting the servant-leadership minded culture. In Frito Lay’s servant-leadership culture, the role of the leader is to serve the needs of the employees by supporting and empowering them in their tasks and to help remove any obstacles in the way of reaching their goals. One of the programs as a result of this culture is ‘Team 4ward’. Plant employees are encouraged to volunteer to lead a team focusing on a subject that they are passionate about. Manager’s role is to make sure that the employee has access to the resources necessary to deliver results. Each of the teams that support Team 4ward aligns with Frito Lays overall corporate strategy – the commitment to our people, the planet, our partners and our products -- and focuses on specific areas for execution, like safety, water and electricity conservation, andShow MoreRelatedLeadership And Management And Leadership1569 Words   |  7 PagesLeadership is about seeking constructive change and management is about establishing order (Northouse, 2015). Warren Bennis (1997) wrote in  Learning to Lead: A Workbook on Becoming a Leader  that â€Å"There is a profound difference between management and leadership, and both are important. To manage means to bring about, to accomplish, to have charge of or responsibility for, to conduct. Leading is influencing, guiding in a direction, course, action, opinion. The distinction is crucial.† (Leiding,Read MoreManagement And Leadership : Leadership1023 Words   |  5 PagesManagement and Leadership In Leadership, Leadership, Leadership Are We All Chanting the Wrong Mantra, the authors says, â€Å"Leadership is simply management of higher level things† (McCormack, 2009, p.1) and that the leader manages the vision, people’s perception and their own behavior (p.1). McCormack continues his analysis by saying, â€Å"There are times when leadership simply cannot take place† (p.2). McCormack appears to believe that organizations and universities should not teach, encourage or tolerateRead MoreLeadership And Management : Leadership835 Words   |  4 PagesLeadership Verses Management The world is made up of leaders and managers. There are leaders and managers in every aspect of life. In many instances leadership and management are referred to as being the same. This paper will evaluate the differences between leadership and management. In today s organizations, leaders and managers are needed in order to operate successfully. Even though managers and leaders are different, they both have many similarities that will be discussed in this paperRead MoreLeadership And Management And Leadership1146 Words   |  5 Pages Leadership and Management Contrary to popular belief, the terms leadership and management are often thought of as hand in hand, but in retrospect they both have very strong different meanings and are not the same. There are some similar characteristics that can very much persuade some that they align in the same manner. They can be notably known as terms that are used interchangeably in the business world. â€Å"Management is a function that must be exercised in any business, whereas leadershipRead MoreLeadership Vs. Management : Leadership And Management1550 Words   |  7 Pagesauthor of On Becoming a Leader: The Leadership Classic, is best known for, that addresses why there is a difference between Leadership versus Management (Murray, What is the Difference Between Management and Leadership?, 2009). Just like most people, I use â€Å"leadership† and â€Å"management† interchangeably because one feels that they are probably the same thing or embody the same characteristics. Further di scussion will provide details on what leadership is, what management entails, and why they are differentRead MoreLeadership, Management And Management1081 Words   |  5 PagesLeadership and Management Businesses require some sort of hierarchy of power to be successful. They cannot operate on the basis that everyone has the same job level if they plan to make a profit. However, the individuals that are placed in the higher power positions fall into two categories, leaders and managers. Many would say these are the same thing, when in reality they are not. They are two different styles that are used when operating a business and using the right one at the right time isRead MoreLeadership, Management, And Management876 Words   |  4 PagesLeadership and Management Name Institutional Affiliation Leadership and Management The achievements of organizations depend on their management and the manner in which their leaders conduct several operations within the organization. It is worth mentioning that successful organizations attribute their positive impacts in the market and general employee-employer relation to the influence spearheaded by the management team (Hiriyappa, 2013). This paper narrows down to evaluateRead MoreLeadership And Management And Leadership1173 Words   |  5 PagesLeadership is a term that is often misunderstood and misinterpreted in the business world. In the world of CEOs, CFOs, vice-presidents and managers, it is important to distinguish the difference between what is considered management and what is considered leadership. While these two terms are not mutually exclusive, but it is imperative that they are not comprehended as mutually inclusive either. In this context, I will be comparing leadership and management as presented in the college textbookRead MoreLeadership And Management : Leadership1126 Words   |  5 PagesAs we know that, leadership is nothing. But the influencing flowers. Leadership includes three fundamental clusters of skills creating vision, garnering commitment to that vision, an managing progress toward the realization of that vision. powerful and effective leaders plays very vital role to reach the maximum production for any organization. This is why, Organizational renowned scholars have been studying of this very significant topic of leadership for literally hundreds of years. Because.Read MoreManagement Vs. Leadership : Management And Leadership1061 Words   |  5 PagesManagement vs. Leadership Introduction Presently many of us have learned that managers are primarily administrators who have learned to write business plans, utilize their resources and keep track of progress. We must learn that we are not limited by job title, and that means we can utilize our management skills in any position that we are in. We must also know that we can use our leadership skills in the same situations. On the other hand we have also learned that leaders are people who have

Is Death Natural Essay Example For Students

Is Death Natural? Essay Is Death Natural?Many of the most beautiful and meaningful facets of life are the way they are because they are ephemeral. I know that death is natural; Life runs its course before coming around again. Something present in or produced by nature is natural, such as an earthquake or typhoon, or a poisonous mushroom. Death is natural in the sense that to die is to conform to the ordinary course of living things in nature. Death has been modeled as an exponential increase in the rate of illnesses with age. Even with no micro-organisms attacking, the body is not well enough designed to function indefinitely. Something always breaks down eventually. What breakdowns, how many, and when they happen, is randomly distributed among individuals, except for conformance to average delays which may have been sculpted by evolution. Some of those functions our medicine cant re-establish or substitute for and some of those are necessary for life. In general, death is an unremarkable event in nature. To die of natural causes is not to expire in old age, as is the case in modern human societies, but to typically die young. Average human life spans between 20 and 30 years for most of our species history. Most people today are thus living highly unnaturally long lives. Because of the high incidence of infectious disease, accidents, starvation, and violent death among our ancestors, very few of them lived much beyond 60 or 70. There was therefore little selection pressure to evolve the cellular repair mechanisms (and pay their metabolic costs). As a result of these circumstances in the distant past, we now suffer the inevitable decline of old age: damage accumulates at a faster pace than it can be repaired; tissues and organs begin to malfunction; and then we die. It may turn out to be impossible to live forever, strictly speaking, even for those who are lucky enough to survive to such a time when technology has been perfected, and even under ideal conditions. The amount of matter and energy that our civilization can lay its hands on before they recede forever beyond our reach is finite in the current most favored cosmological models. As for age and death, one of the biggest factors actually has to do with cell replication. Most of our cells are not meant to live forever . We are meant to die. Your cells divide and divide and divide and their daughter cells do the same, so one and such forth. With every cell division, DNA from one cell is replicated for the next. At the ends of these DNA strands there are sequences called Telomeres. For most of the cells in our body, with each replication this telomere sequence gets shorter. Understand the telomere sequence has no purpose, other than to protect the important part of DNA from being cut off from these shortenings. It is thought that one of the reasons we age is that these telomeres get too short, or disappear entirely simply by the cell of an older individual being a product of thousands, if not millions, of divisions. Many of us live our lives striving for the infinite, for our own immortality. We refuse to acknowledge our own passing placement in the web of life and in doing so we fail to see our own beauty. It has become our mission to forestall death. Everyday we exercise, eat right, take our vitamins in an attempt to suspend the inevitable. However, the fact remains that in the final analysis there is always death. Even people who have accepted this fact often forget their death can be controlled. We can rightfully be concerned with how and when we die. Today we have a responsibility to reconstruct our understandings of death which have been vitiated by denial and fear. To live full, meaningful lives we must embrace our mortality.

The Cold War Essay Example For Students

The Cold War Essay Introduction When World War II in Europe finally came to an end on May 7, 1945, anew war was just beginning. The Cold War: denoting the open yet restrictedrivalry that developed between the United States and the Soviet Union andtheir respective allies, a war fought on political, economic, andpropaganda fronts, with limited recourse to weapons, largely because offear of a nuclear holocaust.1 This term, The Cold War, was first used bypresidential advisor Bernard Baruch during a congressional debate in 1947. Intelligence operations dominating this war have been conducted by theSoviet State Security Service (KGB) and the Central Intelligence Agency(CIA), representing the two power blocs, East and West respectively, thatarose from the aftermath of World War II. Both have conducted a variety ofoperations from large scale military intervention and subversion to covertspying and surveillance missions. They have known success and failure. TheBay of Pigs debacle was soon followed by Kennedys ft handling of the Cubanmissile crisis. The decisions he made were helped immeasurably byintelligence gathered from reconnaissance photos of the high altitude planeU-2. In understanding these agencies today I will show you how theseagencies came about, discuss past and present operations, and talk aboutsome of their tools of the trade. We will write a custom essay on The Cold War specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now Origin of the CIA and KGB The CIA was a direct result of American intelligence operations duringWorld War II. President Franklin D. Roosevelt recognized the need tocoordinate intelligence to protect the interests of the United States. In1941, he appointed William J. Donovan to the head of the Office ofStrategic Services (OSS) with headquarters in London. Four departments madeup the OSS: Support, Secretariat, Planning, and Overseas Missions. Each ofthese departments directed an array of sections known as operationgroups. This organization had fallen into the disfavor of many involved inthe federal administration at this time. This included the director of theFederal Bureau of Investigation (FBI), J. Edgar Hoover, who did not likecompetition from a rival intelligence organization. With the death ofRoosevelt in April of 1945, the OSS was disbanded under Truman anddepartments were either relocated or completely dissolved. Sovietintelligence began with the formation of the Cheka, secret p olice, underFeliks Dzerzhinsky at the time of the revolution. By 1946, this agency hadevolved into the Ministry of Internal Affairs (MVD), and the Ministry ofState Security (MGB) both ruled by Lavrenti Beria. This man was undoubtedlythe most powerful man in the Soviet Union with a vast empire of prisoncamps, and informants to crush any traces of dissent. Of considerableimportance to Beria was the race for the atomic bomb. The Soviet Union andthe United States both plundered the German V-2 rocket sites for materialsand personnel. In 1946 the MVD was responsible for the rounding up of 6000scientists from the Soviet zone of Germany and taking them and theirdependents to the Soviet Union.2 The political conflicts of the 1930s andWorld War II left many educated people with the impression that onlycommunism could combat economic depression and fascism. It was easy forSoviet agents to recruit men who would later rise to positions of powerwith access to sensitive information. Atom spies wer e well positioned tokeep the Soviets informed of every American development on the bomb. Ofconsiderable importance was a man by the name of Klaus Fuchs, a Germancommunist who fled Hitlers purge and whose ability as a nuclear physicistearned him a place on the Manhattan Project. Fuchs passed information tothe Soviets beginning in 1941, and was not arrested until 1950. Alsopassing secrets to the Soviets were Julius and Ethel Rosenberg, executed inthe United States in 1953. The latter two were probably among the first whobelieved in nuclear deterrence, whereby neither country would use nuclearweapons because the other would use his in response, therefore there wouldbe no ssible winner. It is generally believed that with such scientists asAndrei Sakharov, the Soviets were capable of working it out for themselveswithout the help of intelligence. (better transition) The National SecurityAct of 1947 gave birth to the CIA, and in 1949 the CIA Act was formallypassed. The act exempted the CIA from all Federal laws that required thedisclosure of functions, names, official titles, and salaries or number ofpersonnel employed by the agency. The director was awarded staggeringpowers, including the right to spend money without regard to theprovisions of law and regulations relating to the expenditure of governmentfunds. The act also allowed the director to bring in 100 aliens a yearsecretly.3 The 1949 charter is essentially the same one that the CIA usesto carry out covert operations today. The U-2 Incident In 1953, the CIA contracted Lockheed Aircraft Corporation of Burbank CAto build a plane that would go higher and farther than any yet produced. Kelly Johnson came up with the design for the U-2, a plane that would flywith a record high ceiling of 90,000 ft. and a range of 4,000 ft. The U-2flights are possibly the greatest triumph achieved by the CIA since itsfounding. This is because of the planes success at evading detection forsuch a long time and the vast amounts of information gathered. Well neverbe able to match that one. Those flights were intelligence work on a massproduction basis.4 On the fateful day of May 1, 1960, Gary Powers was sentup in his U-2 over the Soviet Union from the United States Air Force Baseat Peshawar, Pakistan. His mission was to photograph areas of military andeconomic signifigance and record radio transmissions. The plane he flew wasequipped with cameras, radio receivers and tape recorders to accomplishthis mission. In addition to these devices, the plane was also equippedwith self destruction capabilities to blow up the U-2 if it was forced toland, and a blasting mechanism fitted to the tape re corder to destroy anyevidence of the CIAs monitoring of radio signals. As his plane flew overthe Soviet Union, the cameras recorded ammunition depots, oil storageinstallations, the number and type of aircraft at military airports, andelectric transmission lines. When the plane did not return to its baseafter a reasonable allowance of time, it was assumed it had crashed forsome reason or another. The circumstances surrounding the crash of theplane Powers flew on this is a still a mystery today, depending on whetheryou believe the Soviets or the Americans. The Soviets claim that in viewof the fact that this was a case of the deliberate invasion of Sovietairspace with hostile aggressive intent, the Soviet Government gave ordersto shoot down the plane5, and that they shot it out of the air with anSA-2 missile at 8:53 A.M. at the altitude of 68,000 ft. The Americansdeclared that the U-2 was disabled by a flameout in its jet engine. .ua5a53b7dd732abc75613e207e58cc45d , .ua5a53b7dd732abc75613e207e58cc45d .postImageUrl , .ua5a53b7dd732abc75613e207e58cc45d .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .ua5a53b7dd732abc75613e207e58cc45d , .ua5a53b7dd732abc75613e207e58cc45d:hover , .ua5a53b7dd732abc75613e207e58cc45d:visited , .ua5a53b7dd732abc75613e207e58cc45d:active { border:0!important; } .ua5a53b7dd732abc75613e207e58cc45d .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .ua5a53b7dd732abc75613e207e58cc45d { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .ua5a53b7dd732abc75613e207e58cc45d:active , .ua5a53b7dd732abc75613e207e58cc45d:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .ua5a53b7dd732abc75613e207e58cc45d .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .ua5a53b7dd732abc75613e207e58cc45d .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .ua5a53b7dd732abc75613e207e58cc45d .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .ua5a53b7dd732abc75613e207e58cc45d .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .ua5a53b7dd732abc75613e207e58cc45d:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .ua5a53b7dd732abc75613e207e58cc45d .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .ua5a53b7dd732abc75613e207e58cc45d .ua5a53b7dd732abc75613e207e58cc45d-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .ua5a53b7dd732abc75613e207e58cc45d:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Okonkwo's Disagreement of Christian Religion EssayWhatever the truth maybe, or combination of truths, the fact remains thatPowers survived the encounter by parachute in the vicinity of Sverdlovsk. Upon landing, he was apprehended, disarmed, and escorted to the securitypolice by four residents of the small town. The fault of the incident laywith the American administrations handling of the situation, not with theflight itself. It was assumed that Powers had died in the crash, and thiswas the mistake. The initial story released was not widely reported andonly told of a missing pilot near the Soviet border whos oxygen equipmentwas out of order. From an intelligence point of view, the original coverstory seemed to be particularly inept A cover story has certainrequirements. It must be credible. It must be a story that can bemaintained and it should not have too muchdetail. Anything thats missing in a cover story can be taken care of bysaying the matter is being investigated.6 The further lies the StateDepartment released about the incident only strained U.S. and Sovietrelations. These included reports of an unarmed weather research plane,piloted by a civilian, that had trouble wi th oxygen equipment going downover the Soviet Union. Under questioning by the press, Information Officer,Walt Bonney, admitted that the U-2 had cameras aboard, but they were notreconnaissance cameras. Rather, the cameras were to take cloud cover. When it became publicly known that Khrushchev had known what had takenplace all along and had known for some years, President Eisenhowerjustified the presence of a spy plane over the Soviet Union with it beingin the interest of the free world. Khrushchev saw through the ploy andrevoked his invitation for Eisenhower to visit the Soviet Union for asummit. Bay of Pigs By 1959, Fidel Castro and his rebels were able to establish their ownregime in Cuba. Americans soon became hostile to this new government whenit became apparent that Castro endorsed the Soviets. He declared hisintentions of supporting guerrilla movements against US backeddictatorships throughout Latin America and seized US assets in Cuba. Healso established friendly relations with the Soviet Union although he wasnot communist. The US recognized this threat to their interests andproceeded to form a special CIA task force that was create an armed forceof exiled Cubans, form a subversive organizations within Cuba, and ifpossible assassinate Castro. The initial plan was to discredit thecharismatic man in front of his nation. Some ideas that were considered toaccomplish the task were ludicrous in the least. The first was to sprayCuban TV studios with LSD prior to Castro broadcasting a speech in hopes ofhim making a complete fool of himself. The agency had been experimentingwit h the acid for some time. However, the idea was quickly abandonedbecause no one could guarantee with any certainty that the drug would havethe desired effect. Further attempts were stabs at the look of Castrohimself. One idea was to doctor his famous insignia, the cigars he isalways seen with. This idea was discontinued because no one could figureout how to get the cigars to him. From an angle of more a chemical nature,the agency planned at one time to make his beard fall out. Scientists atthe agency knew that when thallium salts contact skin, they act as adepilatory and make hair fall out. The idea goes further into reasoningthat when Castro aveled he would leave his shoes outside of his hotelbedroom and the salts could be sprinkled in then. This idea becameimpossible when Castro announced that all forthcoming foreign trips were tobe cancelled. With these failures, the US felt that it had no choice but tocontinue with the organization of partisans and help them usurp thedictatorshi p of Cuba. By the time John F. Kennedy was elected President in1960, the development of the invasion was already in full force. Eisenhowerhad earmarked $13 million and a force of 1300 men had been assembled.7Cuban pilots were being trained how to fly B-26 bombers by NationalGuardsmen. The operation was massive, enough so that the public tooknotice. Kennedy was extremely wary of any direct US involvement and setabout a series of compromises for the Cuban exiles. The air cover wasreduced and the landings were shifted from a more favorable site to the Bayof Pigs where it was determined that the landing force could get ashorewith a minimum of naval and air force back up. Escorted by US navalvessels, the force landed in the Bay of Pigs on April 17, 1961. The sixB-26s assigned to the operation were clearly inadequate and the supportfrom within the country never fully materialized. Completely exposed tocounterattacks of the Cuban air and land forces, the whole invasion forcewas either kill ed or taken prisoner. When Kennedys statement that thearmed forces of this country would not intervene in any way was anoutright lie. The exiles uses American equipment. They were trained byAmerican servicemen, and the planes flown were Americans. The ships thatcarried the men to the invasion were American, with American naval unitsfor support. Americans were killed in operation. When caught in his lie,Kennedy was forced to cover the US by extending the Monroe Doctrine tocover communism. He declared that the US would remain free of all Centraland Latin American affair as long as they were not communist. This fiascoundoubtedly led to Khrushchevs belief that he could deploy missiles to hisnewfound ally without any tangible reprisal from the Americans. .u79ccc4437d80b932313ccaa10b37302d , .u79ccc4437d80b932313ccaa10b37302d .postImageUrl , .u79ccc4437d80b932313ccaa10b37302d .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u79ccc4437d80b932313ccaa10b37302d , .u79ccc4437d80b932313ccaa10b37302d:hover , .u79ccc4437d80b932313ccaa10b37302d:visited , .u79ccc4437d80b932313ccaa10b37302d:active { border:0!important; } .u79ccc4437d80b932313ccaa10b37302d .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u79ccc4437d80b932313ccaa10b37302d { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u79ccc4437d80b932313ccaa10b37302d:active , .u79ccc4437d80b932313ccaa10b37302d:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u79ccc4437d80b932313ccaa10b37302d .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u79ccc4437d80b932313ccaa10b37302d .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u79ccc4437d80b932313ccaa10b37302d .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u79ccc4437d80b932313ccaa10b37302d .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u79ccc4437d80b932313ccaa10b37302d:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u79ccc4437d80b932313ccaa10b37302d .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u79ccc4437d80b932313ccaa10b37302d .u79ccc4437d80b932313ccaa10b37302d-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u79ccc4437d80b932313ccaa10b37302d:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Prom Night Memories EssayPractices of Spies Some of the devices used seem to come straight from a James Bond movie. Hollow rings or talcum powder cans with false bottoms were some of theitems used for hiding microfilm. An interesting method involves the use ofa microdot whereby pages of information is reduced to the size of a colonand used in an appropriate place on a document. The process is reversed forthe extraction of information and the dot is enlarged to display all theinformation. Hiding places for secret packages were imaginative to say theleast and ranged from trees, to ruined walls, to mail boxes. Listeningdevices were not restricted to telephone bugs, and on one occasion therewas a handcarved Great Seal of the United States presented to the USambassador in Moscow by the Soviet Union. It turned out that hidden insidewas a listening device. Microwave receivers exist all over the world forthe interception of messages, the Soviet embassy in San Francisco has itsown battery of dishes erected on top of its building. In 1978, a Bulgarianexile by the name Georgi Markov who was working for the R adio Free Europewas fatally poisoned with a pellet most likely hidden in an umbrella. Vladimir Kostov was killed under very similar circumstances in 1978, and itis believed that the toxin used was ricin. This is an extremely toxicsubstance derived from castor oil. Political and intelligence relatedassassinations have abounded in the twentieth century with the advent ofthe Cold War. The public will never know when one of murders takes place byreason of secrecy unless it is a public figure. Conclusion The agencies discussed above are integral to the peace that existstoday. There is no other way in the age we live in today to monitor theenemy and ally alike so as to be able to understand their capabilities andshortcomings without intelligence agencies. The CIA and KGB by themselvescannot assure peace. With the knowledge supplied by each to its leaders,intelligent decisions can be made in the worlds best interest. Moreover,the status quo and power base remains relatively stable with the East andWest on opposing sides. There can never be true and utterly complete peace,these organizations will continue to exist contrary ignorant ideals of thepublic for peaceful coexistence. 1Encyclopedia Britannia index page 2372KGB/CIA, Jonathon Bloch page 123KGB/CIA, Jonathon Bloch page 214CIA: The Inside Story, Andrew Tully page 1135CIA: The Inside Story, Andrew Tully page 1196General Thomas R. Phillips, U.S. Army, retired. 7Bay of Pigs, Peter Wyden page 59